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62.
Non-convex of an optimal power dispatch problem makes it difficult to guarantee the global optimum. This paper presents a convex relaxation approach, called the Moment Semidefinite Programming (MSDP) method, to facilitate the search for deterministic global optimal solutions. The method employs a sequence of moments, which can linearize polynomial functions and construct positive semidefinite moment matrices, to form an SDP convex relaxation for power dispatch problems. In particular, the rank of the moment matrix is used as a sufficient condition to ensure the global optimality. The same condition can also be leveraged to estimate the number of global optimal solution(s). This method is effectively applied to {0,1}-economic dispatch (ED) problems and optimal power flow (OPF) problems. Simulation results showed that the MSDP method is capable of solving {0,1}-ED problems with integer values directly, and is able to identify if more than one global optimal solutions exist. In additional, the method can obtain rank-1 moment matrices for OPF’s counterexamples of existing SDP method, this ensures the global solution and overcomes the problem that existing SDP method cannot meet the rank-1 condition sometimes. 相似文献
63.
Salman M.A. Salman 《国际水资源开发杂志》2015,31(1):4-16
The United Nations Watercourses Convention entered into force on 17 August 2014, following a long and complex journey that dates back to 1970 when the UN referred the matter to its legal arm, the International Law Commission. This article follows the Convention through that long and turbulent road, examines its main provisions and analyses the reasons for the delay of its entry into force. It concludes by answering the question of why entry into force of the Convention should indeed matter. 相似文献
64.
This paper addresses the nonlinear stress-strain response in glass fibre non-crimp fabric reinforced vinylester composite laminates subjected to in-plane tensile loading. The nonlinearity is shown to be a combination of brittle and plastic failure. It is argued that the shift from plastic to brittle behaviour in the vinylester is caused by the state of stress triaxiality caused by the interaction between fibre and vinylester. A model combining damage and plasticity is calibrated and evaluated using data from extensive experimental testing. The onset of damage is predicted using the Puck failure criterion, and the evolution of damage is calibrated from the observed softening in plies loaded in transverse tension. Shear loading beyond linear elastic response is observed to result in irreversible strains. A yield criterion is implemented for shear deformation. A strain hardening law is fitted to the stress-strain response observed in shear loaded plies. Experimental results from a selection of laminates with different layups are used to verify the numerical models. A complete set of model parameters for predicting elastic behaviour, strength and post failure softening is presented for glass fibre non-crimped fabric reinforced vinylester. The predicted behaviour from using these model parameters are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results. 相似文献
65.
66.
以从自然腐败的樱桃上分离的链格孢霉(Alternaria sp.)LD3.0086为指示菌,研究苯乳酸对链格孢霉的主要抑制作用靶位。应用分光光度法测定苯乳酸对链格孢霉的最小抑菌浓度,通过卡尔科弗卢尔荧光增白剂染液(calcofluor white,CFW)染色观察苯乳酸对菌丝顶端生长的破坏作用,利用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察链格孢霉的超微结构变化,通过测定苯乳酸作用前后链格孢霉上清液中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺质量浓度变化研究苯乳酸对菌丝细胞壁的破坏作用,应用荧光双染色法观察苯乳酸对链格孢霉菌丝细胞膜的损伤作用。结果表明,12.5 mmol/L的苯乳酸能有效抑制链格孢霉的生长;与对照组(无菌水处理)相比,苯乳酸处理后链格孢霉顶端生长细胞无明显形变,经12.5 mmol/L苯乳酸处理的链格孢霉上清液中N-乙酰葡萄糖胺质量浓度基本不变;苯乳酸处理24 h,链格孢霉菌丝细胞壁表面无明显损伤,细胞内结构发生明显变化;苯乳酸短时间(4 h)处理链格孢霉,菌丝细胞膜仍较为完整,加入苯乳酸较长时间(8 h)后细胞膜发生破裂。综合分析可知,苯乳酸对链格孢霉的主要作用靶位应不是菌丝体的细胞壁和细胞膜,而是在菌丝体内部,通过破坏菌丝内部细胞器结构或引起细胞内的生化反应,从而抑制链格孢霉的生长和繁殖,发挥抑菌活性。 相似文献
67.
Do T. Hue Rebel Skirving Tong Chen John L. Williams Cynthia D.K. Bottema Kiro Petrovski 《Journal of dairy science》2021,104(7):8164-8176
Colostrum is essential for good neonate health; however, it is not known whether different calves absorb the nutrients from colostrum equally well. In this study, the absorption of protein, IgG, and γ-glutamyl transferase was compared in newborn dairy bull calves for 1 wk after feeding colostrum from different sources. Thirty-five Holstein-Friesian bull calves were randomly allocated into 3 groups and fed colostrum within 4 h after birth. Group A calves (n = 12) were bottle fed colostrum from their own dam for 3 d. Colostrum from these group A cows was also used as foster cow colostrum for the group B calves (n = 12), such that each group A and B calf pair received identical colostrum from each milking of the respective group A dam (10% of birth weight per day). The group C calves (n = 11) were fed 1 bottle (2 L) of pooled colostrum and transition milk (referred to as pooled colostrum), as was the standard practice on the dairy farm. The pooled colostrum was collected from the other dairy cows on the farm 0 to 4 d postpartum and stored at 4°C for less than 12 h. Blood was sampled from calves before the first feeding and at 1, 2, 3, and 7 d after birth. Levels of total solids, total protein, and IgG were higher in the dam colostrum than in the pooled colostrum. At birth, there were no differences between the calf groups for any measurements, and all calves had very low IgG levels. After receiving colostrum, the glucose, plasma γ-glutamyl transferase, serum total protein, and IgG concentrations increased significantly in all calves. There were no differences in any blood measurements at any time point between the pairs of group A and group B calves that received colostrum from the same cow except for the IgG concentration 2 d after birth. However, the group A calves had a higher total serum protein level and IgG concentration than the group C calves for all the time points after the first feeding. The group B calves had a higher IgG concentration than the group C calves on d 1, 2, and 7 after birth. Compared with groups A and B, there was no difference in the proportion of calves in group C that failed to have passive immunity transferred adequately based on the IgG threshold (<10 g/L). Thus, the calves receiving identical colostrum from the same cow had the same levels of IgG, and even the pooled colostrum provided sufficient transfer of IgG as the calves were fed within 4 h after birth. 相似文献
68.
Yuxi Guo Xuefeng Chen Pin Gong Fuxin Chen Dandan Cui Mengrao Wang 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2021,56(10):4970-4982
In vitro digestion models are widely used to study the structural changes, digestion and release of food components under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. As compared to the in vivo digestion tests, the in vitro digestion reflects the digestion and utilisation of food after ingestion and has the advantages of being time consuming, inexpensive, reproducible and free from moral and ethical restrictions. This study reviewed the current research studies on the in vitro simulated digestion of polysaccharides conducted in the last 5 years and focused on the oral, gastric and intestinal digestion models, with the aim of providing a basis for the further testing of changes in the content, structure and active ingredients of polysaccharides before and after digestion. 相似文献
69.
本实验采用4D-非标记蛋白质组学技术研究秦川牛肉贮藏过程中(0~8 d)肌红蛋白含量及其衍生物的转化情况,阐释冷却秦川牛肉中肌红蛋白含量及其衍生物转化的分子机制。结果表明:贮藏过程中,肌红蛋白表达量在宰后0~4 d上升、4~8 d下降,利用非标记蛋白质组学技术鉴定出与肌红蛋白及其衍生物相关的差异蛋白14 种,具体包括代谢酶、氧化还原酶、过氧化物酶、伴侣蛋白4 类,这4 类蛋白的表达共同调控贮藏过程中肌红蛋白含量的变化及其3 种衍生物之间的转化,具体表现为贮藏过程中肌红蛋白表达量整体呈下降趋势,氧合肌红蛋白相对含量持续下降,脱氧肌红蛋白、高铁肌红蛋白相对含量逐渐增加,导致肉色发生褐变。本研究结果有利于理解秦川牛肉贮藏过程肉类变色的复杂生化变化机制。 相似文献
70.
Sirshendu Guha 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2022,68(3):e17505
In continuation to my previous work (Guha S. AIChE J. 2013;59(4):1390-1399), in this work, effects of ionic migration are evaluated for disk region of a rotating ring disk electrode system by numerically solving complex differential equations, developed for mass transfer along with kinetic complication in presence of ionic migration under limiting current condition. The system for simulation is 0.01 M Fe2(SO4)3 solution with H2SO4 as supporting electrolyte. Simulation cases are presence and absence of ionic migration with kinetic complication (oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ under O2 pressure). Results show that concentration boundary layer thickness of reactant Fe3+ reduces appreciably and steady-state disk current reduces substantially in presence of migration. Simulated steady-state disk current in absence of migration case agrees well with published data. Results indicate higher Fe2+ concentration in presence of migration and thereby higher rate of oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+ at all rate constant values. 相似文献