High performance wood composites from highly filled polybenzoxazine

Highly filled systems prepared by compression molding of Hevea brasiliensis woodflour filled polybenzoxazine composites with high mechanical properties and reduced water uptake has been developed. The effects of percent filler content and particle size of woodflour on the obtained composite's properties were examined. The low melt viscosity of BA‐a type polybenzoxazine allows substantial amount of woodflour to be easily incorporated into the composites. The results showed that mechanical properties from dynamic mechanical analysis and flexural test at filler content below the optimum filler packing show approximately linear relationship with filler loading. The outstanding compatibility between the woodflour and the polybenzoxazine matrix is evidently seen from the large improvement in the composite's T_g and char yield. Scanning electron micrographs of the composite also reveals substantially strong interface between the woodflour filler and the polybenzoxazine matrix. Water absorption of the composites is greatly reduced with increasing the amount of polybenzoxazine due to the inherent low water absorption of the matrix. The polybenzoxazine is; therefore, a highly attractive candidate as high performance lignocellulosic binder or adhesive and other related applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1240–1253, 2006     

带约束拉杆L形方钢管混凝土组合异形柱的受力研究

为研究对拉约束拉杆对组合柱性能的影响,针对L形组合异形柱设置不同类型的约束拉杆、不同强度材料等进行数值模拟,对比该类型下的相应试验结果,分析验证了对拉约束拉杆对L形组合异形柱的性能改善作用,得到了对拉约束在柱延性及承载力方面的积极影响效果。最后基于线性回归分析的理论计算方法表现出了和数值结果较高的一致性,建立了具有较高参考价值的带约束拉杆的组合异形柱承载力计算公式。     

Large deformation and ultimate properties of biopolymer gels: 2. Mixed gel systems

Biphasic, mixed gels of agarose and gelatin were prepared, and their mechanical behaviour in tensile tests was determined, up to failure, utilising four decades of (constant) strain rate. The behaviour of pure agarose and pure gelatin in such tests has been determined previously. Suitable ‘blending-laws’ relating the small deformation shear modulus of the composite to the moduli of the component phases have also been discussed elsewhere. This report extends the latter treatment to the more aggressive large deformation regime, deriving bounds for modulus and break stress which closely model observed behaviour.     

Particle size distribution,mixing behavior,and mechanical properties of carbon black (high‐abrasion furnace)–filled powdered styrene butadiene rubber

High‐abrasion furnace black (HAF, grade N330)–filled powdered styrene butadiene rubber [P(SBR/HAF)] was prepared and the particle size distribution, mixing behavior in a laboratory mixer, and mechanical properties of P(SBR/HAF) were studied. A carbon black–rubber latex coagulation method was developed for preparing carbon black–filled free‐flowing, noncontact staining SBR powders, with particle diameter less than 0.9 mm, under the following conditions: carbon black content > 40 phr, emulsifier/carbon black ratio > 0.02, and coating resin content > 2.5 phr. Over the experimental range, the mixing torque τ_α of P(SBR/HAF) was not as sensitive to carbon black content and mixing temperature as that of HAF‐filled bale SBR (SBR/HAF), whereas the temperature build‐up ΔT showed little dependency on carbon black content. Compared with SBR/HAF, P(SBR/HAF) showed a 20–30% mixing energy reduction with high carbon black content (>30 phr), which confers to powdered SBR good prospects for internal mixing. Carbon black and the rubber matrix formed a macroscopic homogenization in P(SBR/HAF), and the incorporation step is not obvious in the internal mixing processing results in these special mixing behaviors of P(SBR/HAF). A novel mixing model of carbon black–filled powdered rubber, during the mixing process in an internal mixer, was proposed based on the special mixing behaviors. P(SBR/HAF) vulcanizate showed better mechanical properties than those of SBR/HAF, dependent primarily on the absence of free carbon black and a fine dispersion of filler on the rubber matrix attributed to the proper preparation conditions of noncontact staining carbon black–filled powdered SBR. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2494–2508, 2004     

Effect of low molecular weight polybutadiene as processing aid on properties of silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber compounds

Because silica has strong filler–filler interactions, a silica‐filled rubber compound shows a poor filler dispersion compared to a carbon black‐filled one. Improvement of the filler dispersion in silica‐filled styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds was studied using low molecular weight polybutadiene (liquid PBD) with the high content of 1,2‐unit. By adding the liquid PBD to the silica‐filled SBR compound, the filler dispersion and flow property are improved. The cure time and cure rate become faster as the 1,2‐unit content of the liquid PBD increases for the compounds containing the liquid PBD. The crosslink density increases linearly with increase in the 1,2‐unit content of the liquid PBD. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3135–3140, 2003     

Remaining oil distribution in Ng3^3 bottom water reservoir of Lin 2-6 fault-block in Huimin depression and potential tapping in horizontal well

Oil reservoirs with secondary bottom water in Ng33 members (in Guantao formation, Paleogene system) of Lin2-6 fault block in Huimin depression (Bohai Bay Basin) have entered the late stage of ultra-high water-containing-exploitation. Oil exploita-tion from vertical wells is becoming more and more inefficient. The reservoir type, with water displacing oil and the remaining oil distribution are specifically studied in order to improve the efficiency of the recovery ratio. An integrated scheme for adjusting horizontal wells has been designed and the key technique of the scheme optimized. The study shows that: 1) the positive rhythm of fluvial depositional features is the internal cause of the flooding of oil reservoirs while water injection, injection-production patterns and accumulative petroleum production are the external causes; 2) oil-water driving patterns have transferred from edge water ad-vancing to bottom-water-coning; distribution of the remaining oil mainly concentrates in the upper rhythm and top of the middle rhythm in Ng33 members; 3) a great deal of remaining oil is enriched in high positions of faults, in axes of tiny structures, in stagna-tion areas among water-injection wells and oil-wells and in tectonic saddle areas with sparse wells. Compared with vertical wells, horizontal wells have advantages such as high recovery, high off-take potential, high critical output, large controlling areas and long time of bottom-water breakthrough.     

方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁节点研究综述

方钢管混凝土柱--钢梁节点的结构性能直接影响钢管混凝土结构在建筑工程中推广和应用.为使设计人员对方钢管混凝土柱--钢梁节点有一个较为全面的了解,该文综合国内外相关资料,按刚接、半刚接、铰接三种节点类型,分别介绍目前常用节点的构造型式和受力特点,并简要介绍该节点研究现状.最后,对方钢管混凝土柱--钢梁节点的进一步研究工作做了探讨.     

胶结物对东营凹陷储层砂岩弹性特征的影响

储层岩石的地震弹性属性是进行油气储层勘探及动态监测的基础。系统选取东营凹陷古近系各层段砂岩样品250块（以沙河街组为主）,在模拟储层条件下利用脉冲穿透法测试样品的纵、横波速度。样品在纵波速度一泊松比交汇图中表现出两种主要变化趋势,分别对应泥质与钙质胶结物的影响;在每个变化趋势中随泥质含量与钙质胶结物含量的增加,岩石结构从颗粒所构成的骨架支撑逐渐表现为基质支撑,弹性波能量的传播也从通过颗粒接触边界转变为通过岩石基质传播,这是使砂岩样品测试结果表现出两种截然不同变化趋势的主要原因,为利用岩石物理特性从地震资料中提取岩石结构、沉积与成岩特征的信息提供了依据。     

钢管混凝土拱桥非线性时域抖振分析

采用谐波叠加法模拟了巫峡长江大桥处的随机风场,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了该桥的有限元模型,在此基础上,对该桥进行了非线性时域抖振分析。并计算了该桥的静风、阵风荷载响应。分析结果表明：考虑几何非线性会增大钢管混凝土拱桥的横桥向及扭转抖振响应,该桥的脉动风不可忽视。