长江流域水能资源开发的新举措：从三峡建设到金沙江开发

中国水资源十分丰富，但目前仅开发13％～14％。国家已明确了梯级滚动开发的方针。进一步开发长江流域，以此作为中国东、中、西部相互促进、协调发展的一个重要措施。同时明确中国三峡总公司为金沙江浪洛渡和向家坝两水电站的业主单位。长江上游金沙江段是可开发水能资源最集中的地区，总装机容量接近5000万kw，是“西电东送”北、中、南三条线中，中线的主要基地。争取在“十五”计划期间，溪洛渡和向家坝两电站其中有一个开工建设。     

Macroinvertebrate assemblages of littoral habitats in the Macquarie and Mersey rivers,Tasmania: Implications for the management of regulated rivers

Littoral habitats in large rivers are influenced to varying degrees by changes in discharge. Irrigation abstractions can increase the amount of habitat that would naturally be dewatered during low flow periods and therefore it is important to have some knowledge of the potential impact this may have on riverine macroinvertebrates. The macroinvertebrate assemblages of common littoral habitats in riffles, pools and runs in two reaches each of the Macquarie and Mersey Rivers, northern Tasmania, Australia were compared from samples collected during the low flow and irrigation season, between December 1991 and April 1992. The area under water of these habitats, riffle substrata, macrophyte beds and coarse woody debris, responded differently to changes in discharge. Within a reach, the same taxonomic groups often dominated the total number of macroinvertebrates for all habitats, but there were differences in the proportions contributed by these taxa to the different habitats. In general, taxa characteristic of slow-flowing or lentic habitats, such as ostracods and amphipods, were dominant in macrophyte beds in pools and runs, whereas taxa such as larval elmid beetles and hydropsychid caddisflies were dominant in riffles. A substantial component of the fauna from each habitat within a reach was unique to that habitat, but there was always a similar number of taxa common to all habitats. Classification and ordination grouped samples from both rivers firstly by habitat and secondly by month and reach. Total density and family richness of invertebrates differed by reach, habitat and month in both rivers, except for richness in the Mersey River where habitat was not significant. Differences in densities and numbers of invertebrate families among habitats were not consistent between reaches for each river. This study has highlighted the differences in macroinvertebrate assemblages of several littoral habitats in two lowland rivers in Tasmania. Differences in taxonomic composition, density and richness among habitats within reaches strongly imply the uniqueness of these habitats in terms of the invertebrate faunas that occupy them. We suggest that if maintenance of biotic diversity is an aim of instream flow management, water allocations that address low flows should place a high priority on the maintenance of a diversity of habitats.     

高水头弧形闸门伸缩式水封切片试验研究

试验表明：橡胶材质水封在一定背上可封间隙１５ｍｍ、水头１２０ｍ的漏水，其封水背压与间隙大小、压板型式、水封形式、水封材质有关，其中Ⅱ２型００５橡胶水封采用（２）型压板时封水背压最小。     

大量程水位自动采集装置研究

大量程水位自动采集装置为三峡工程防洪调度而研制，采取量程转换方式实现５０ｍ水位变幅的测量，气泡压力式测压，采用压阻式压力传感器进行压力变送，步进式自动切换量程。为保证测量精度，合理吸收了国内外的最新技术，结合本国具体条件，解决了恒流补气，标准压力柱校证，阻容环节滤波等技术问题。应用先进的单片机系统使整个装置智能化，自动储存一年的测量数据，能与水情自动测报系统联机，达到高度的自动、自记、自报。经试验证明，本装置有较高的测量精度，９８．４％频率的误差不超过±２ｃｍ，符合有关国际、国内标准的要求。     

晋西王家沟流域水源现状及旱地果园用水模式探析

通过调查分析晋西王家沟流域水源现状及人畜用水情况，提出了该区旱地果园的用水模式，即旱井集流节水栽培技术模式，这一模式首先利用现代材料和传统技术相结合的旱井修筑马天然降水贮存于旱井之中，然后采用节水保墒技术，充分把有限集流用于果园生产，提高了水的利用率和果园效益。     

黄河碛口水库运用方式研究

黄河中游干流水为不仅需要调节径流，尤其重要的是必须调节和处理好泥沙，才可能长期保持一的有效库容，取得长远的设计效益，所以，水库运用方式比少沙河流上的水库复杂得多。本文根据黄河综合治理方针及碛口水库的开发任务，分析了水库的水沙特点，库容分布，库区地形特征及水库对上下游的影响等因素，研究论证了碛口水库水库实行泥沙多年调节，初期汛期采取高水位蓄水的运用方式是适宜的。     

小浪底水库泥沙多年调节的减淤效果初步研究

由于黄河水沙条件的变化,三门峡水库“蓄清排浑”运用经验的局限性表现得更为突出。从黄河下游河道输沙、防洪和水充分利用出发,小浪底水库应采取泥沙多年调节的运用方式,平水枯水年蓄水拦沙运用,丰水年集中泄空冲刷产生高含沙洪水,塑造窄深河槽改造高村以上宽浅河道,利用窄保河槽输送高含沙洪水入海,计算结果表明对黄河下游减效果显著,并可大量节省输沙用水。     

万顷沙西十三涌油轮码头模型试验研究

华隆公司拟在万顷沙西十二涌与十三涌之间兴十三涌３０００Ｔ级油轮港口码头。本文分析了该河段水文泥沙的特性、河道演变趋势及河段稳定性，通过物理模型试验研究及对航道、港池的回淤计算分析，预测工程建成后引起局部水流流态的变化，对水道泄洪、潮排、潮灌的影响，以及港池、航道建成后的泥沙淤积情况。     

西藏查龙水电站混凝土面板施工

查龙水电站钢筋混凝土面板堆石坝由钢筋混凝土面板、趾板、防浪墙及各分缝止水系统及防渗帷幕等组成。本文系统地介绍了应用该部自行设计的无轨式滑模进行面板施工的经验，以及混凝土原材料、配合比、浇筑、保温、混凝土质量控制和面板坝的分缝止水系统等施工情况。实践证明，在高寒缺氧地区采用这一施工措施，混凝土面板施工质量优良。