电镀工艺的水质控制

阐述电镀配液用水和清洗用水的水质要求和控制指标。     

Effect of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on yield,oil content,nitrogen accumulation and water use of canola (Brassica napus L.)

Effects of N application and water supply on yield, oil content and N accumulation by canola, cultivar Marnoo, grown on a heavy clay soil in the Goulburn Murray Irrigation Region were investigated. Treatments were rainfed (R_f) or watered at a deficit of 50 mm (40–60 mm, I₅₀) beginning in the spring. N treatments were 0, 50, 100 or 200 kg N ha^–1 at sowing or as split applications of 20/80, and 50/50 kg N ha^–1 at sowing and rosette, respectively.Yield (Y_g) ranged from 170 to 520 g m^–2. Irrigation and N increased yield in both years. Grain yields were increased by N application on the irrigated treatments when 100 or 200 kg N ha^–1 was applied. Oil concentrations ranged from a maximum of 46.4% in treatment N₀ to a minimum of 40.6% in treatment N₂₀₀ and was inversely related to seed N concentration. Although fertilizer N decreased oil concentration, it increased the yield of oil.Nitrogen accumulation (N_b) limited yield of all treatments and was described by the equation, Y_g = 806[1-EXP(–0.039*N_b)]. This implied a decrease in yield per unit of N_b at the higher rates of fertilizer addition with consequent increases in grain N concentration.The efficiency of water use in the production of grain (WUE_g) and biomass (WUE_b) were 7.5 and 23 kg ha^–1 mm^–1 respectively. Nitrogen additions increased WUE_g and WUE_b in both seasons. Maximum values of 8.9 (WUE_g 1986) and 26.8 (WUE_b 1987) were measured from treatment N₂₀₀. These data suggest that the crops made efficient use of the applied water.     

利用神木不粘性块煤炼制炭质还原剂

本文介绍利用神木不粘结性块煤炼制优质铁合金专用焦，通过对块焦的筛分组成分析、工业分析和灰分分析，焦炭的反应性能、比电阻、强度、石墨化程度研究，证明该煤炼制的块焦具有比电阻高，灰分、硫、磷、铝和高温下石墨化程度低的优点。该焦可代替冶金焦冶炼铁合金。     

黄河水水质配方实验及其应用

该文通过水质调查和大量实验数据，对循环水改为黄河水质运行的配方进行了筛选，并提出了自然ｐＨ全有机配方的概念，通过监测数据，对黄河水配方运行情况进行了总结，该配方投用后，不但能节约地下水资源，而且经济效益显著。     

PVC生产中的二次水回收工艺改造

介绍了在PVC生产过程中产生的蒸汽冷凝水、压滤水、废自来水、母液水的回收和综合利用的情况。工艺改进后,青岛海晶化工集团有限公司12万t/a PVC装置可节水67万t/a,节约资金204万元/a。     

Cellulose membranes for reverse osmosis Part I. RO cellulose acetate membranes including a composite with polypropylene

With the aim of obtaining RO membranes for brackish water desalination from purified celluloses (cotton linters and bleached bagasse pulp), two reactions (heterogeneous and homogeneous) were applied for the synthesis of cellulose acetate (CA). The efficiency of the membranes was measured and compared with those prepared from purchased CA and prepared CA by acetylation of imported high-grade viscose wood pulp. The effect of blending CA with polypropylene (PP), on the efficiency of the prepared RO membranes was also studied. Results showed that the method of preparation of CA plays a profound effect on the salt rejection and water flux of the RO membranes. The efficiencies of RO membranes formed from heterogeneously acetylated celluloses are higher than those prepared from homogeneous ones. Blending the acetylated cellulose with 9% PP wastes improves the efficiency of membranes prepared from the homogeneously acetylated celluloses.     

Ozone Treatment of Surface Water to Provide High Quality Cooling Water and Process Water

The characteristic feature of this cooling tower water treatment is the intermittent addition of ozone for several days.     

外加电流阴极保护在海水冷却槽中的应用

论述了金属的电化学腐蚀和外加电流阴极保护原理。说明对以海水为介质的冷却、冷凝设备,采用外加电流阴极保护是防止设备腐蚀的有效方法。举例说明了应用效果。     

Inhibition effect of some polymers on the corrosion of cadmium in a hydrochloric acid solution

The effects of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), sodium polyacrylate (NaPA), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), pectin (P), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) on the corrosion of cadmium in a 0.5M hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution were studied with both electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel plot techniques. Measurements were carried out at cathodic, open‐circuit, and anodic potentials. All the investigated polymers had inhibitory effects on both the cathodic (except for NaPA, P, and CMC) and anodic processes, with a predominant anodic inhibiting action. However, NaPA, P, and CMC exhibited a slight cathodic inhibiting action only at higher polymer concentrations. This behavior may be attributed to the very weak adsorbability of the polymers on the cathodic sites. Because PVA and PEG had hydroxy groups, there could be bridging between the polymer and the surface, resulting in an inhibiting effect in the HCl solution. However, PVA had much greater adsorbability on the surface than PEG at the anodic potential. The adsorption of most of the polymers obeyed a Temkin adsorption isotherm, and this indicated indicating that the main process of inhibition was adsorption. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 866–871, 2003     

模数对无机富锌涂料和涂层性能的影响

硅酸钾富锌涂料是目前广泛使用的钢铁防腐蚀涂料。作为涂料粘结剂的高模数硅酸钾溶液对涂料和涂层的性能有重要影响。本研究考察了硅酸钾粘结剂的模数变化对涂料及涂层性能产生的影响。实验结果表明：粘结剂模数的提高可以提高固化后涂层的耐水性能，当粘结剂模数在5.0左右时，所得富锌涂层具有最佳的耐磨性能，但当粘结剂模数超过5.5时会造成涂料施工性能和贮存稳定性下降，涂层柔韧性降低，从而降低涂层的耐磨性能。