YL-1OO型自动加药装置在乙烯循环水场的应用

介绍了国产YL-100型自动加药装置功能及其在中国石化茂名石化乙烯工业公司乙烯循环水场的应用情况,结果表明其运行平稳,总磷测试数据可靠,可达到循环水自动加药控制的目的。     

用工业废碱水处理反渗透法高含盐排放浓水

反渗透处理装置排放的浓水含盐量很高，如果不经处理直接排放势必对周围环境造成污染和水的浪费，氧化铝生产工艺废水中含有大量的碳酸钠、苛性碱等碱类物质，pH值达到13左右，回水量约2000m^3／h，用这些废水和反渗透浓水混合进行软化处理，降低浓水中的钙镁离子含量，并对难去除的硫酸盐进行稀释降低浓度，回用到蒸发循环水系统作为补充用水、氧化铝生产部分工艺用水、设备冷却用水，达到浓水回收再利用的目的。该方案实施后效果十分显著，回收反渗透浓水约60m^3／h，减少污水系统补充新水，降低生产用水费用约每年176万元。     

超临界水中NaCl无限稀释扩散系数的研究

The molecular dynamics(MD) was employed to simulate the diffusion coefficient of sodium chloride at infinite dilution in supercritical water from 703.2K to 763.2K and from 30 MPa to 45 MPa ,Based on the simulated data and the Patel-Teja(PT) equation of state and the Liu-Ruckenstein equation,an equation for calculating the diffusion coefficient of NaCl at infinite dilution in supercritical water is proposed,Both the agreement between the simulated and correlated data,and that between the simulated and predicted data of diffusion coefficients for NaCl in supercritical water ranging from 703.2K to 803.2K and from 25 MPa to 50MPa show that this equation is applicable for calculation of diffusion coefficients.     

Electrochemical ferrate generation for waste water treatment using cast irons with high silicon contents

This paper deals with the electrochemical preparation of ferrate in 15 M NaOH media, with a view to treatment of waste waters. Grey cast irons with high silicon contents were shown to allow current yields in the range 20–40% depending on the applied current density, up to 34 mA cm^–2. Ferrate solutions with contents up to 0.08 M could be produced in a divided cell of simple design, and provided with flat or packed-bed electrodes. Deactivation of the anode surface was shown to be of moderate significance for hour-long runs. The ferrate produced was tested for treatment of industrial liquid wastes: coagulation efficiency of the suspended matter was comparable with that of an electrocoagulation process with sacrificial Al anodes. The potential of waste water treatment by addition of ferrate is discussed.     

臭氧生物活性炭工艺处理饮用水时各阶段的特点

论述了臭氧生物活性炭工艺中的臭氧发生系统、臭氧尾气处理系统、臭氧预氧化及后氧化、生物活性炭滤池各阶段的应用现状及特点。指出：臭氧发生系统采用氧气为原料来提高臭氧浓度，臭氧质量分数可达6％左右；由于电加热分解臭氧尾气反应速度快，可在1．5～2s内完全分解，应是今后自来水厂臭氧尾气处理技术应用的重点；臭氧预氧化一般采用静态混合器或水射器单点投加，投加量为1～2mg／L，接触时间为1～4min；臭氧后氧化一般采用微孔曝气盘以微气泡的形式多点投加，水中臭氧余量控制在0．2～0．4mg／L，接触时间大于10min；生物活性炭滤池对苯类化合物和相对分子质量在500～1000范围内的腐殖质去除率达70％～86．7％。     

D.s.c. investigation of the states of water in poly(vinyl alcohol-co-itaconic acid) membranes

The state of water in water-swollen poly(vinyl alcohol-co-itaconic acid) membranes, having various water contents from 0.31 to 0.83, was investigated by d.s.c. measurements and compared with those in water-swollen poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes. The amount of freezing water in the membranes was estimated by use of a relationship between the phase transition temperature and the enthalpy of the crystallization of supercooled water. The melting temperature of the water in the membranes immersed in urea and NaCl 0–2 mol l^?1 aqueous solutions was also determined by d.s.c. analysis. The present study proposes a method for estimating the solubilities of urea and NaCl in both of the freezing and the non-freezing water using the melting point depression of the freezing water in the membranes immersed in the solute solution.     

一体化锅炉水处理剂的制备及性能研究

利用自制SW-56共聚物，复配有机磷酸盐和焦亚硫酸钠除氧剂及消泡剂，成功制备XF-4一体化锅炉水处理剂。对XF-4锅炉水处理剂的阻垢、缓蚀进行了试验研究，表明其具有优良的阻垢能力，可以明显抑制热水锅炉积垢现象；加入改性除氧剂能降低锅炉水中溶解氧的含量，使腐蚀控制较理想；配方中的消泡剂组分可防止锅炉水表面起泡，抑制高悬浮物下的携带作用。     

Decomposition of nitric oxide over perovskite oxide catalysts: effect of CO2, H2O and CH4

Direct nitric oxide decomposition over perovskites is fairly slow and complex, its mechanism changing dramatically with temperature. Previous kinetic study for three representative compositions (La_0.87Sr_0.13Mn_0.2Ni_0.8O_3−δ, La_0.66Sr_0.34Ni_0.3Co_0.7O_3−δ and La_0.8Sr_0.2Cu_0.15Fe_0.85O_3−δ) has shown that depending on the temperature range, the inhibition effect of oxygen either increases or decreases with temperature. This paper deals with the effect of CO₂, H₂O and CH₄ on the nitric oxide decomposition over the same perovskites studied at a steady-state in a plug-flow reactor with 1 g catalyst and total flowrates of 50 or 100 ml/min of 2 or 5% NO. The effect of carbon dioxide (0.5–10%) was evaluated between 873 and 923 K, whereas that of H₂O vapor (1.6 or 2.5%) from 723 to 923 K. Both CO₂ and H₂O inhibit the NO decomposition, but inhibition by CO₂ is considerably stronger. For all three catalysts, these effects increase with temperature. Kinetic parameters for the inhibiting effects of CO₂ and H₂O over the three perovskites were determined. Addition of methane to the feed (NO/CH₄=4) increases conversion of NO to N₂ about two to four times, depending on the initial NO concentration and on temperature. This, however, is still much too low for practical applications. Furthermore, the rates of methane oxidation by nitric oxide over perovskites are substantially slower than those of methane oxidation by oxygen. Thus, perovskites do not seem to be suitable for catalytic selective NO reduction with methane.     

Effect of Water Vapor on the Release of Fission Gases from Uranium Oxycarbide in High-Temperature, Gas-Cooled Reactor Coated Fuel Particles

The hydrolysis of uranium oxycarbide (UCO) was studied by injecting water vapor into a fuel element containing a known number of high-temperature, gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) coated particles with exposed fuel kernels. The experiments were conducted in the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at temperatures between 700° and 1000°C, a system pressure of 200 kPa, and partial pressures of water vapor between 21 and 199 Pa. The general sequential response of the exposed fuel kernels to water vapor addition consisted of (1) a rapid release of stored fission gas with a concomitant increase in the steady-state release and (2) a period of constant steady-state release. Upon cessation of the addition of water vapor, a decline in the release to prehydrolysis values generally occurred. The release of stored fission gas was dependent on the square of the partial pressure of water vapor. The ratio of the constant steady-state release to the prehydrolysis value was independent of the partial pressure of water vapor. The time constant for the decline in the release was the same in all of the hydrolysis tests.     

环氧树脂/滑石粉、纳米蒙脱土水下胶粘剂研究

主要研究了滑石粉、有机化处理蒙脱土作为填料对水下环氧胶粘剂拉伸剪切强度的影响及蒙脱土与滑石粉协同作用效果,依此推荐了水下环氧胶粘剂的组份。