基于标准化降水蒸散指数的长江流域旱涝情势演变

基于长江流域133个气象站1970-2012年实测逐月降水量和月平均气温资料,计算不同时间尺度上的标准化降水蒸散指数序列,研究近几十年来长江流域旱涝情势的时空演变特征。结果表明,1970-2012年长江流域整体干旱形势不严重,但是干旱化的趋势比较明显。与长江上游地区相比,长江中下游区域的干旱趋势表现得更加突出,特别是长时间尺度上的干旱趋势非常明显。针对典型极端气象事件分析发现,标准化降水蒸散指数能够反映出不同时间尺度上长江流域发生的旱涝事件,表明该指数对于准确评估长江流域的旱涝程度和分布范围具有很好的指示性意义。     

水稻不同灌水量的分蘖生产力分析

依据非充分灌溉原理,水稻在适度的水分亏缺的情况下,具有一定的适应和抵抗效应,本项研究利用这一特点,对水稻分蘖阶段进行不同灌水量的试验,探求水稻分蘖期的适宜灌水量及其需水规律。     

适应不同重力环境的仿壁虎机器人运动仿真

针对不同重力环境下仿壁虎机器人的运动稳定性、运动高效协调性等问题,基于四足机器人的步态规划现状和仿壁虎机器人自身特定的机械结构,设计了仿壁虎机器人在g、0、-g 3种环境下的足端轨迹和运动步态。在ADAMS仿真软件中研究了机器人的运动学和动力学特性,得到了仿壁虎机器人稳定爬行与脚掌黏附力、足端轨迹和运动步态的关系。探讨了仿真结果的合理性和局限性,为仿壁虎机器人在实际环境中的稳定运动奠定了理论基础。     

异厚度铝合金激光拼焊温度场的测试

利用高温热电偶检测异厚度铝合金激光拼焊时的温度场,分析不同检测位置、激光功率、焊接速度、添加粉末、板材厚度对温度场的影响.测量结果表明,焊缝附近温度梯度非常大.激光功率越高、焊接速度越慢,同一测量点峰值温度越高.添加金属粉末时,材料表面对激光的吸收率增强,同一测量点的峰值温度升高.同一测量点薄板的峰值温度比厚板高,达到峰值温度的时间比厚板短.     

P110钢高温高压下CO2腐蚀产物组织结构及电化学研究

模拟油气井深处CO2的超临界流体（35MPa、160℃）状态,在油田采出液中,对P110钢进行4—144h腐蚀测试;采用SEM、XRD、XPS、EIS等分析手段,对试样腐蚀产物膜进行组织结构及电化学交流阻抗分析。结果表明,在CO2含量为4％摩尔分数情况下,腐蚀产物膜在4—8h内迅速生成;48h内腐蚀产物膜由细小的FeCO3晶粒组成;48—144h之间,初始形成的FeCO3膜逐步转化为由（Fe、Ca）CO3、Fe2Ca2O5和CaCO3等腐蚀及沉积产物构成的晶粒细小的复合膜层。该腐蚀-沉积膜与基体结合力强、组织致密、无离子选择性渗透通道,厚度在48h后的腐蚀过程中变化很小。交流阻抗谱分析证明,该膜层对P110钢基体覆盖良好,具有很强的保护作用。     

异螺距万分尺设计

介绍了一种螺旋万分尺的结构设计。该万分尺的微分筒采用双螺纹,两螺纹的螺旋方向相同,螺距不同。采用V型槽和V型块精确定位来增加量程。测量最小刻度可达0.001 mm,读数精度达0.0001 mm。万分尺采用纯机械结构,结构原理简单,制造安装方便。     

供暖热网水力控制阀的选用

针对供暖热网的水力失调,介绍几种常用的调节控制阀门。并讨论这几种调节阀在不同运行模式下的调节原理和应用范围。     

多工况的DCPM-GA算法校正给水管网模型

通过建立管网仿真模型,模拟不同工况下的管网运行负荷情况,分析不同工况下的运行结果,在此基础上提出在不同工况下,以DCPM—GA算法对建立的仿真管网模型进行校正,通过实际工程验证发现,经过该法校核后的管网模型的计算结果与实测值较为接近,而且运行速度较快。     

Constitutive Relationship of IN718 Alloy for Thermoviscoplastic and Microstructure Evolution Coupled Analysis

The interaction between thermomechanical parameters and microstructure evolution is so intense that it must be considered during the finite element method (FEM) simulation of the hot plastic working process, for materials that are difficult to deform. Taking the microstructure evolution into account, a novel type of constitutive relationship has been put forward for the IN718 alloy. The microstructure evolution model was first established for the dominant microstructure evolution processes. Then the microstructure evolution models and the method to determine the local flow stress of the corresponding microstructure for current thermomechanical parameters and deformation history were presented. Once the local flow stresses of different structures and their volume contributions were defined, the apparent flow stress of the material could be determined as the weighted sum of the local flow stresses and volume contributions. To validate the proposed method, a thermoviscoplastics and microstructure evolution coupled analysis for a forging process of a critical IN718 disk forging was performed. The predicting results were in close agreement with the experimental data.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.