植物纤维打浆及其对无石棉胶乳抄取板强度的影响研究

研究了植物纤维的打浆性能及其在特种纸无石棉胶乳抄取板中的应用，结果表明：随着磨浆转数的增加，植物纤维的zeta电位逐渐增大，打浆度逐渐增加；在磨浆转数为20000r时，纤维长度和纤维粗度减小明显，细纤维化程度显著，此时的无石棉胶乳抄取板的抗张指数迟到最大值。因此，植物纤维磨浆转数以20000r左右为宜、此时的打浆度为60°SR．     

Consolidated theory of fluid thermodiffusion

We present the Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell thermodiffusion equations, which account for the Soret and Dufour effects in multicomponent fluids. Unlike transport laws derived from kinetic theory, this framework preserves the structure of the isothermal Stefan–Maxwell equations, separating the thermodynamic forces that drive diffusion from the force that drives heat flow. The Onsager–Stefan–Maxwell transport-coefficient matrix is symmetric, and the second law of thermodynamics imbues it with simple spectral characteristics. This new approach allows for heat to be considered as a pseudo-species and proves equivalent to both the intuitive extension of Fick's law and the generalized Stefan–Maxwell equations popularized by Bird, Stewart, and Lightfoot. A general inversion process facilitates the unique formulation of flux-explicit transport equations relative to any choice of convective reference velocity. Stefan–Maxwell diffusivities and thermal diffusion factors are tabulated for gaseous mixtures containing helium, argon, neon, krypton, and xenon. The framework is deployed to perform numerical simulations of steady three-dimensional thermodiffusion in a ternary gas.     

Sharpening polycrystalline phase boundary for potassium sodium niobate ceramics with MnF2 modification

The influence of anion on structure and performance is unclear in potassium sodium niobate ((K,Na)NbO₃; KNN)-based ceramics, while cation doping has been widely researched. Here, the phase structure and electrical properties are explored in MnF₂-doped KNN ceramics. Significantly, sharp rhombohedral–orthorhombic (R–O) and orthorhombic–tetragonal (O–T) phase boundary as well as reduced diffusion degree is exhibited in the ceramics along with little changed phase transition temperatures due to the optimized F⁻ content at O site, which is different from that of cation replacement for A and B sites. Notably, the domain wall motion is facilitated due to the increased A vacancy and decreased O vacancy along with strengthened polarity, originating from the higher valence state and electronegativity of F⁻ with respect to O²⁻. And then, enhanced ferroelectricity is realized via MnF₂ modification, the piezoelectricity is elevated in turn. This work presents a new idea of anion doping for controlling structure and properties in perovskite materials.     

高压下H2/CO稀释剂对乙烷/空气层流扩散火焰中碳烟形成的影响

采用CoFlame程序模拟研究了高压下H₂/CO稀释剂对乙烷/空气层流扩散火焰中碳烟形成的影响。结果表明:H₂和CO添加之后,火焰温度均略有增加,且碳烟体积分数随着H₂/CO稀释比的增加而降低。H₂的添加使得碳烟表面生长区域的H自由基浓度增加,减少了初始碳烟颗粒成核及表面生长的活性位点数,导致脱氢加乙炔(HACA)反应中氢提取速率减缓以及碳烟颗粒表面生长速率减缓。CO的添加使得苯(A1)和芘(A4)摩尔分数减少,减缓了碳烟成核速率,导致碳烟的生成受到抑制。     

LNG槽车瞬态泄漏特性及事故后果研究

我国每年危化品道路运输量占总货运量的30%以上,运输安全事故发生率居高不下。通过构建槽车泄漏事故,针对液相泄漏经典模型对于瞬态研究的局限性,结合罐内气体状态方程和复合积分法改进泄漏模型,研究了卧罐泄漏速率与时间耦合关系。结果表明,泄漏速率随时间推移呈二阶指数衰减关系,利用泄漏速率函数与时间叠加修正高斯模型,将修正后的关系运用到火灾爆炸事故后果计算中,得出泄漏最远距离为37.5 m,喷射火和沸腾液体扩展蒸汽爆炸(Boiling Liquid Expand Vapor Explosion, BLEVE)分别造成15和298 m内人员致死率达37%,蒸气云爆炸15 m内人员致死率为1%。利用Fluent和Aloha模型验证了模型精度,可为危险液体储罐泄漏定量风险评价和突发事件事前预判提供理论依据。     

Diffusion process in enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts

Enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts bridge the gap between enzymatic and heterogeneous catalysis, which is significant for expanding biocatalysis to a broader scope. Previous studies have demonstrated that the enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts exhibited considerably higher catalytic efficiency in cascade reactions, compared with that of the combination of separated enzyme and metal catalysts. However, the precise mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear. Here, we investigated the diffusion process in enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts using Pd/lipase-Pluronic conjugates and the combination of immobilized lipase (Novozyme 435) and Pd/C as models. With reference to experimental data in previous studies, the Weisz–Prater parameter and efficiency factor of internal diffusion were calculated to evaluate the internal diffusion limitations in these catalysts. Thereafter, a kinetic model was developed and fitted to describe the proximity effect in hybrid catalysts. Results indicated that the enhanced catalytic efficiency of hybrid catalysts may arise from the decreased internal diffusion limitation, size effect of Pd clusters and proximity of the enzyme and metal active sites, which provides a theoretical foundation for the rational design of enzyme–metal hybrid catalysts.     

高温热结构复合材料的连接技术

综述了高温热结构复合材料之间的连接技术.主要包括C/C复合材料之间采用热压炭素、反应生成SiC的连接;C/SiC复合材料的液相硅渗透连接;SiC基复合材料的钎焊连接;SiC/SiC复合材料与钨板的扩散连接等.并简介了高温热结构复合材料连接在航天及核工业上的应用.     

Mixing potential: A new concept for optimal design of hydrogen and water networks with higher disturbance resistance

During the last decade, the design methods of hydrogen and water networks have been improved greatly. Since the resulting network structure featuring minimum utility consumption is not unique, other properties such as disturbance resistance have drawn more and more attention. In this article, a novel concept, Mixing Potential, is proposed to improve the disturbance resistance ability of the networks in the design stage. This concept originates from measuring the concentration fluctuation of a single sink, and could be calculated by its graphical and algorithmic definition, respectively. In addition, a sufficient condition for minimizing the Mixing Potential of a single sink has been proved. Based on this sufficient condition, a graphical and its corresponding algorithmic method are proposed to design the hydrogen and water networks with minimum utility consumption. Literature examples illustrate that the disturbance resistance ability of the network can be improved by adjusting the satisfying order of sinks. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 3762–3772, 2014     

The phase structure,chain diffusion motion and local reorientation motion: C Solid-state NMR study on the highly-crystalline solid polymer electrolytes

In our previous paper, we investigated the influence of the phase structure on the polymeric chain diffusion in the complexed crystals of solid polymer electrolytes of PEO:LiAsF₆ and PEO:LiCF₃SO₃. We observed that with the increase of the crystallinity, the chain diffusion rate decreases dramatically. In this work, by employing the ¹³C CODEX NMR spectroscopy, we demonstrate that opposite to the behavior of the chain diffusion motion, the local reorientation motion of polymeric chains within the complexed crystals are greatly increased with the increase of the crystallinity, which is accompanied by the change of the phase structure. The relationship between the different molecular motions within the complexed crystals and the phase structure are discussed therefore.