双层堤基渗透破坏机制和数值模拟方法研究

 归纳和分析不同覆盖层模拟材料对堤基渗透破坏发展影响试验的现象和结果。在此基础上对堤基渗流破坏产生和发展的机制进行分析,提出反映堤基渗透破坏本质的2个判据,即土体单元应力强度和颗粒在水中滚动力矩2个极限平衡判断条件。根据试验现象观察,采用二维轴对称对堤基渗透破坏渗流场进行模拟,将覆盖层对下卧砂层的影响简化为对堤基应力场的改变,再利用提出的2个判据,对堤基渗透破坏发展过程进行数值模拟研究。数值模拟结果和试验对比表明,上述模拟方法和判据合理、可行。     

数值模拟波浪翻越直立方柱

本文应用ＶＯＦ方法研究了孤立波翻越直立方柱流动的全过程。用人工压缩法和差分法求解二维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程，用施主－受主法求解流体体积函数控制方程。通过数值计算得到了孤立波翻越直立方柱的流场和压力值，并成功地模拟出波浪涌顶，水柱喷射，冲击和界面破碎的过程。     

非恒定流作用下的阶梯形丁坝局部冲刷特性

阶梯形丁坝是常见的航道整治建筑物,天然河道中的水流多为非恒定流,非恒定流作用下的阶梯形丁坝局部冲刷特性研究,对丁坝结构设计和水毁防护等具有重要意义.采用自回归马尔柯夫模型,将天然来流过程概化为波谷起冲和波峰起冲2种情况,基于平面二维水流泥沙数学模型,探讨非恒定流作用下的阶梯形丁坝局部冲刷特性.结果表明:① 不同流量过程...     

坝体土料黏粒质量分数对均质土坝漫顶溃决过程的影响

为了研究坝体土料黏粒质量分数对均质土坝漫顶溃决过程的影响,建立了描述均质土坝溃坝溃口发展规律的溃坝数值模型,对实体溃坝案例进行了反馈分析,验证了模型的合理性,并利用该模型重点研究了坝体土料黏粒质量分数对均质土坝溃口发展规律和洪水流量过程的影响。结果表明:坝体土料的黏粒质量分数对均质土坝的溃口发展规律、最终溃口形状以及溃口洪水流量过程具有明显影响,土体黏粒质量分数越高,其临界起动流速越大,冲蚀率越小,均质土坝溃口的发展速率越慢,溃口边坡的失稳坍塌临界深度越大,从而导致最终溃口形状也越小,相应地溃口洪峰流量及最大下泄水量也越小,溃口洪峰流量出现的时间越迟。     

大坝防洪安全的评估和校核

洪水漫坝风险失事，是影响大坝安全的主要原因之一。本文寻求一种既能反映大坝防洪系统随机性和模糊性，又能合理描述大坝防洪能力的风险模型，以实现对大坝防洪能力的定量化，进而为已建大坝和待建大坝的防洪安全评估和校核创造条件。     

天津滨海新区全新世沉积特征和沉积过程

从地貌、沉积和年代等方面分析了天津滨海新区的形成演变过程。研究区中部和南部主要为不同时期的古黄河三角洲,每期古黄河三角洲发育时均形成前三角洲、三角洲前缘和潮间带等沉积层序,三角洲的不同部位分别形成河控三角洲和潮控三角洲,三角洲废弃后,形成三角洲平原—贝壳堤—滨海沙坝的地貌体系。研究区北部的沉积层序和地貌特征反映了少泥沙河流在海洋动力逐渐减弱条件下的河海相互作用过程。     

APPLICATION OF LBM-SGS MODEL TO FLOWS IN A PUMPING-STATION FOREBAY

A 2-D Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) coupled with a Sub-Grid Stress (SGS) model is proposed and validated by flows around a non-submerged spur dike in a channel. And then the LBM-SGS model is further applied to flows in a pumping-station forebay. Shallow water equations are numerically solved by the LBM and the turbulence can be taken into account and modeled efficiently by the Large Eddy Simulation (LES) model. The bounce-back scheme of the non-equilibrium part of the distribution function is used at the inlet boundary, the normal gradient of the distribution function is set as zero at the outlet boundary and the bounce-back scheme is applied to the solid wall to ensure non-slip boundary conditions. Firstly, the model successfully predicts the flow characteristics around a spur dike, such as circulating flow, velocity and water depth distributions. The results are verified by the experimental data and compared to the results obtained by conventional Smagoringsky Model (SM) of LES. Finally, the LBM-SGS model is used to further predict the flow characteristics in a forebay, such as secondary flow and water level. The comparisons show that the model scheme has the capacity to simulate complex flows in shallow water with reasonable accuracy and reliability.     

充沙长管袋抛掷沉降运动的力学研究

本文对充沙长管袋这种新型的筑坝、抢险整治工程材料进行了抛掷沉降运动的力学分析研究与模拟计算。根据充沙长管袋的几何、材料特性，本文分析了管袋沉降机理与沉降速度；在多个小块柔性连接体的假设下，对抛掷在河流中的管袋进行了力学分析与动力学过程的研究，建立了管袋沉降的连续体数学模型。通过合理简化，导出了实用的管袋位移与转角的计算公式。根据管袋抛掷的观测资料，确定了沉降计算的有关参数；针对黄河水流、泥沙特点及现实施工条件进行了多种管袋抛掷沉降的模拟计算，提出了适应黄河丁坝防护的管袋尺寸及位移范围值。     

川东北地区河坝异常高压气藏产能评价探讨

在气井产能分析中,井底流压是十分重要的参数。川东北地区河坝飞仙关气藏属于异常高压气藏,无法将压力计下到井底,只能根据井口测试压力和产量来计算井底压力。目前计算井底流压的方法较多,但因计算模型及计算参数选择的影响,导致气井产能差异很大,给产能评价及合理产量确定带来极大难度。通过对克拉2异常高压气井井底流压及天然气无阻流量计算方法分析,井筒压力-温度模型法计算井底流压、压力平方法计算气井产能适合河坝异常高压气井。为此,选择井筒压力-温度模型法和压力平方法计算了河坝H井的产能,并与其它方法进行了对比分析,为河坝区块飞仙关异常高压气藏气井产能评价及合理产量确定提供了依据。     

NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL OVERTOPPING AGAINST SEAWALLS ARMORED WITH ARTIFICIAL UNITS IN REGULAR WAVES

A new mathematical model for the overtopping against seawalls armored with artificial units in regular waves was established. The 2-D numerical wave flume, based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and the standard k-ε turbulence model, was developed to simulate the turbulent flows with the free surface, in which the Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method was used to handle the large deformation of the free surface and the relaxation approach of combined wave generation and absorbing was implemented. In order to consider the effects of energy dissipation due to the armors on a slope seawall, a porous media model was proposed and implemented in the numerical wave flume. A series of physical model experiments were carried out in the same condition of the numerical simulation to determine the drag coefficient in the porous media model in terms of the overtopping discharge. Compared the computational value of overtopping over the seawall with the experimental data, the values of the effective drag coefficient was calibrated for the layers of blocks at different locations along the seawalls.