Body composition and self-perceived health and fitness among indoor sports participants

Abstract

This paper examines (1) the responses of participants in specific indoor sports to questions regarding their self-perceived health and fitness, and (2) the relation betweeen these responses and body composition. A representative sample of indoor sports participants (n = 4308; 2938 male and 1370 female) from six cities in the United Kingdom responded to a questionnaire concerned with their self-perception of health and fitness. Height and weight was established from self-report and a body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Seventy eight percent of males and 85% of females reported their health as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’. Less than 2% of the sample reported their health as ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’. However, only 67% of males and 67% of females reported their fitness as ‘good’ or ‘excellent’. Again, the proportion of the sample reporting ‘poor’ or ‘very poor’ fitness was low; less than 4%. The question on health was compared with a recent general population survey and this yielded markedly more ‘unfavourable’ results; only 72% of males and 70% of females reported their health as being ‘good’ or ‘excellent’. A comparison of the response category groups for BMI showed significant differences between the ‘poor’ and ‘fair’ groups but not between the ‘good’ and ‘excellent’ groups.

It is concluded that: (1) indoor sports participants regard their health and fitness highly, but their fitness less so than their health; (2) adiposity tends to be associated with poorer perceptions of health and fitness; (3) women sports participants perceive their health more highly than others of the same age compared with men, yet the reverse is true of fitness.     

弹道方程边值问题中的直射弹道公式

本文探求了属于微分方程边值问题的直射弹道公式,以形简、意明、精确度高、研究方法的多样性和事物规律的不同表现形式为特征。在直射弹道的定义和数学描述之后,先从它的微分方程出发推导出了公式;再从方程的数字解出发探寻并确立了其规律性。     

High pressure organic colloid method for the preparation of high performance carbon nanotube-supported Pt and PtRu catalysts for fuel cell applications

Highly dispersed,high performance Pt and PtRu catalysts,supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes(CNTs),were prepared by a high pressure organic colloid method.The particle sizes of the active components were as small as 1.2 nm for Pt and 1.1 nm for PtRu,and the active Pt surface areas were 295 and 395 m2/g,respectively.The catalysts showed very high activities toward the anodic oxidation of methanol,evaluated by cyclic voltammetry,being up to 4 times higher than that of commercial Johnson Matthey Hispec 20...     

上向水平分层尾砂充填采矿法及其改进——浅析四平银矿采矿法

通过对上向水平分层尾砂充填采矿方法,凿岩爆破等方式的改进,可以使矿山采矿方法有较大的改观,取得较好的经济效果。同时提高采场施工速度和生产效率,相应的降低支护费用,改善现场作业条件。尽管增加了采矿场充填井工程和凿岩时间,但是相对减少尾砂用量,缓解采充失调,降低成本,维护顶板稳定(成形规整),使采矿场安全管理工作效果突出。     

直吹式制粉系统W火焰锅炉混煤掺烧试验研究

在直吹式制粉系统W火焰锅炉上进行对比试验。试验表明:不同煤种采用磨内掺混、炉内混烧的方式难以掺混均匀,难燃尽煤种细度难控制,燃烧稳定性、经济性差;分磨制粉、炉内掺烧的方式煤粉细度可控,不同煤种燃烧器可均匀投运,并可采取不同的配风和燃烧控制方式,炉膛温度均匀,燃烧稳定,锅炉热效率比磨内掺混、炉内混烧提高1.65%。     

高压直流输电系统中的全桥直流变压器研究

研究了一种高压直流输电系统中的重要组成部分,即直流变压器。全桥直流变压器具有输入输出电压成比例,易于实现软开关等优点。详细分析了全桥直流变压器的工作原理,介绍了电流连续和断续两种工作模态,讨论了全桥直流变压器的输出特性以及漏感的选取,并在此基础上进行了实验验证,分析了影响直流变压器特性的因素。实验结果表明,直流变压器可以实现功率的传输和电压的提升,适用于高压输电系统。     

600MW直接空冷机组背压控制策略的设计及优化

直接空冷机组背压的控制方案是直接空冷机组设计及运行的关键问题之一,也是业主、制造厂家和设计单位所关心的重要技术问题。以陕西国华锦界2×600 MW直接空冷机组为例,通过分析直接空冷机组背压控制的影响因素,采取相对应的安全经济运行措施,并对直接空冷机组背压调节方案进行了深入的分析及控制策略的优化。     

Research and Demonstration of Direct Air-Cooling System for 600-MW Fossil-Fired Power Plants

Given the distribution feature of resources such as coal and water, the requirements for the development of Chinese power industry, and the fact of monopoly by foreign companies, it is very necessary and significant to independently research and develop air-cooling technologies. Through experimental research, simulative calculation, process and equipment development, field tests and a demonstration project, the design and operation technologies for air-cooling system are grasped and relevant key equipment is developed. The results of the demonstration project show that the technical indicators for the air-cooling system have met or exceeded the design requirements. Part of the research results have been incorporated into the relevant national design standards. The technologies developed have been applied to more than 23 sets of thermal power units of or above 600 MW in China.     

A New Water Saving Device of Swirling Flow for Cooling Towers

This paper is concerned with water saving for water-loop cooling tower system in power plants. A newly developed water saving device of swirling flow is presented. The key point is that the new water saving device makes the steam swirl up along the device wall rather than engender laminar flow in a corrugated plate. The corrugated plate device can save approximately 10 percent of the total lost water. In contrast to the scale model of corrugated plate water saving device, experimental analyses have demonstrated that the new water saving device of swirling flow is more efficient, with a capacity of saving more than 20 percent of water.     

500kV主变油泵停止运转现象的分析处理

主变冷却系统的正常工作是主变安全运行的保证。在高温和重负荷下,尤其要加强对主变冷却系统的巡视,通过指示灯、表计和观察风扇、油泵的运转来综合判断,及时发现存在的问题。根据巡视中发现的500 kV主变B相油泵停止运转这一现象,详细介绍了其分析与处理的过程,最后提出了主变冷却系统巡视的要点。