汾酒厂中水回用工程的设计

汾酒厂对厂内原有污水站出水进行深度处理,回用于酿酒冷却、绿化、冲厕等杂用。为确保项目的可靠性、经济性,一些新的正在推广的水处理技术未作考虑。经方案比选,最终确定的工艺流程为现有活性污泥处理系统二沉池的出水经过新建的深度处理滤池过滤后消毒回用。该工艺技术成熟,经济合理,出水水质全面达标。     

医院污水处理技术现状及发展趋势

围绕医院污水达标排放这个课题,探讨了目前医院污水处理工艺技术状况,在此基础上,进一步从工艺效果、经济效益和社会效益等方面探讨医院污水处理工艺发展趋势。国内外的一些工程实践证明：周期性循环活性污泥法(CASS)工艺配合二氧化氯消毒丁艺能使二级处理的费用达到三级处理的出水效果．是目前医院污水处理最理想的方法．对医院污水中特殊污染物的处理提出了单独处理的建议,并从经济和工艺效果角度提出好的处理方案。     

高藻水的预氯化技术优化探讨

对预氯化过程中的投氯量、反应时间等反应条件的控制以及当原水中藻类数量、酚类物质含量特别高时,预氯化、粉末活性炭的联用等作了论述。认为如果能很好地控制预氯化的反应时间、投氯量,预氯化不会明显增加水厂出水中三致物质的量;预氯化与粉末活性炭联用时,两工艺之间应间隔适当的时间,以减轻氯对粉末活性炭吸附的影响。     

基于单片机的空气消毒机控制系统

针对传统空气消毒方法的缺陷,提出基于红外遥控和低功耗的AT89C2051单片机的动态紫外线空气消毒机控制系统,给出系统的硬件组成和硬软件设计方法。该空气消毒控制系统具有消毒无死角,耗电低、速度快、效能高、性价比高,适用范围广等特点。系统在实际使用,证明其方便、可靠并具有实用价值。     

四川省桶装饮用水回收桶中铜绿假单胞菌的污染状况调查

目的 研究桶装饮用水回收桶中铜绿假单胞菌的污染情况以及清洗消毒工序消除铜绿假单胞菌的有效性。方法 参考GB 8538-2016《食品安全国家标准 饮用天然矿泉水检验方法》中铜绿假单胞菌滤膜过滤法, 对大中小型(各2家)桶装饮用水生产企业的清洗消毒工序前后的回收桶进行检测, 并对检出的微生物进行鉴定。 结果 大中小型生产企业的回收桶清洗消毒前的铜绿假单胞菌的检出率依次为75%、80%、70% (平均75%), 清洗消毒后的检出率依次为0、20%、45% (平均22%), 同时检出其他假单胞菌及不动杆菌。结论 桶装饮用水回收桶中铜绿假单胞菌的污染普遍比较严重, 中小型企业的现有清洗消毒工序不足以清除铜绿假单胞菌。     

Biomass Recovery Method for Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) Quantification Following UV Disinfection

A biomass recovery method was developed to monitor UV disinfection efficacy using adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Typically, disinfection monitoring at wastewater treatment facilities (WWTFs) involves quantifying fecal and total coliforms or colony forming units, the results of which take a minimum of 24 h to produce. ATP quantification immediately before and after UV treatment, which takes only minutes, shows little reduction and often an increase in the microbial population since UV irradiation results in cells that are viable (i.e., still producing ATP) but not culturable. To overcome this, our biomass recovery method incorporates an incubation step to encourage life cycling of microbes. Average log reductions in cellular ATP (cATP) were found to be ?0.28 ± 0.19, ?0.011 ± 0.153, ?0.17 ± 0.32, and 0.065 ± 0.074 using direct ATP measurements on UV-treated samples from WWTFs A, B, C, and D, respectively, while those using the recovery method were correspondingly 0.17 ± 0.34, 1.8 ± 0.8, 0.20 ± 0.35, and 0.72 ± 0.26. The response of the biomass recovery-ATP method indicated a significant direct correlation to the microbial population reduction observed in heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and Colilert® methods using both pure Escherichia coli culture and secondary municipal wastewater effluent.     

穿戴式滑雪装备消毒柜的方案与结构设计及消毒效果的分析

针对目前各滑雪场无法及时的对穿戴式滑雪装备进行消毒的情况,研制了一种可以随时对穿戴式滑雪装备进行消毒并干燥的消毒柜。该消毒柜采用痕量臭氧消毒为主,辅以紫外线消毒,使臭氧充分的与滑雪装备进行接触,最终实现高效的消毒,消毒完成后进行衣物的烘干,可以基本解决各滑雪场的滑雪装备消毒的问题。产品适合各滑雪场使用,方便快捷。     

Enhanced photocatalytic and antifungal activity of ZnO–Cu2+and Ag@ZnO–Cu2+ materials

Zinc oxide is one of the most versatile nanostructured materials with a broad range of applications. Besides, its physicochemical properties can be tuned easily by synthesis conditions to be optimal for a specific application. In our group, we aim for the production of visible light-active materials with enhanced antimicrobial activity. Thus, we synthesize ZnO–Cu²⁺and Ag@ZnO–Cu²⁺ by using a fast and robust microwave solvothermal reaction. We investigate the limit of solubility of Cu²⁺into ZnO lattice producing Cu doped ZnO materials with different doping levels (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 at. %, Cu/Zn). We also investigate the role of the copper precursor, using copper(II) acetate or copper(II) sulfate as model precursors. Copper acetate incorporates more efficiently into ZnO lattice by decreasing the Eg value of the doped materials at low doping levels. Furthermore, we study the composites Ag@ZnO–Cu²⁺ aiming to reduce doping levels and to improve antimicrobial activity. Characterization of the materials by different techniques demonstrates their uniform size, purity, crystallinity, and visible light activity. In this study, we evaluate airborne fungal contamination and demonstrate the capacity of ZnO–Cu²⁺ and Ag@ZnO–Cu²⁺ to inhibit fungal growth. We studied the microbiological quality of indoor air (vivarium) by sampling air under different conditions. By sampling air with a photocatalytic prototype, the amount of fungi in the air decreases considerably, particularly fungi that can enter the lung. In addition, ZnO–Cu²⁺ shows excellent antifungal activity against Candida sp at low doses. We use Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and holotomographic microscopy (HTM) to provide further evidence on the capacity of the prepared materials to achieve effective damage to fungal cells and to inhibit biofilm formation.     

An analytical method for the analysis of trihalomethanes in ambient air using solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: An application to indoor swimming pool complexes

A simple method for the collection and analysis of the four brominated and chlorinated trihalomethanes (THMs) in air samples is described. Ambient air samples were collected in pre‐prepared glass vials, with THM analysis performed using solid‐phase microextraction gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, where the need for chemical reagents is minimized. Analytical parameters, including oven temperature program, solvent volume, incubation time, vial agitation, extraction time and temperature, as well as desorption time and temperature, were evaluated to ensure optimal method performance. The developed method allows for point‐in‐time quantification (compared to an average concentration measured over extended periods of time), with detection limits between 0.7 to 2.6 µg/m³. Excellent linearity (r² > 0.99), repeatability (3% to 11% RSD), and reproducibility (3% to 16% RSD) were demonstrated over a concentration range from 2 to 5000 µg/m³. The method was validated for the analysis of THMs in indoor swimming pool air and was used to investigate the occurrence of THMs in the air above 15 indoor swimming pools. This is the first study to report the occurrence of THMs in swimming pool air in Australia, and concentrations higher than those previously reported in other countries were measured.     

New food safety challenges of viral contamination from a global perspective: Conventional,emerging, and novel methods of viral control

Food- and waterborne viruses, such as human norovirus, hepatitis A virus, hepatitis E virus, rotaviruses, astroviruses, adenoviruses, and enteroviruses, are major contributors to all foodborne illnesses. Their small size, structure, and ability to clump and attach to inanimate surfaces make viruses challenging to reduce or eliminate, especially in the presence of inorganic or organic soils. Besides traditional wet and dry methods of disinfection using chemicals and heat, emerging physical nonthermal decontamination techniques (irradiation, ultraviolet, pulsed light, high hydrostatic pressure, cold atmospheric plasma, and pulsed electric field), novel virucidal surfaces, and bioactive compounds are examined for their potential to inactivate viruses on the surfaces of foods or food contact surfaces (tools, equipment, hands, etc.). Every disinfection technique is discussed based on its efficiency against viruses, specific advantages and disadvantages, and limitations. Structure, genomic organization, and molecular biology of different virus strains are reviewed, as they are key in determining these techniques effectiveness in controlling all or specific foodborne viruses. Selecting suitable viral decontamination techniques requires that their antiviral mechanism of action and ability to reduce virus infectivity must be taken into consideration. Furthermore, details about critical treatments parameters essential to control foodborne viruses in a food production environment are discussed, as they are also determinative in defining best disinfection and hygiene practices preventing viral infection after consuming a food product.