乙炔清净液的循环回用

乙炔清净液循环回用技术解决了乙炔清净液循环回用中硫、磷等杂质的累积问题和排放水中硫、磷含量超标的问题。不仅达到安全生产,而且做到清洁生产和水资源循环利用。     

Bauxite residue (red mud) increases phosphorus retention in sandy soil catchments in Western Australia

The Peel-Harvey estuary on the Swan Coastal Plain, Western Australia has become eutrophic partly because of the leaching of fertiliser phosphorus from sandy soils. The acid, coarse textured sandy soils are predominantly quartz, have a low iron and aluminium content and do not retain phosphorus. Red mud, derived from bauxite, is a by-product of the alumina industry and has the ability to retain phosphorus. Retention of phosphorus is enhanced when the red mud is neutralised with gypsum. Red mud has been suggested as a soil amendment to reduce phosphorus leaching.To investigate the reduction in the leaching of phosphorus from soils amended with red mud, weirs were constructed at the outlets from a pair of catchments to quantify the amount of phosphorus in the streamflow. Both catchments were deep grey Bassendean sand. One of the catchments was treated with 80 t/ha of red mud which had been neutralised with waste gypsum from the phosphate industry. The red mud was applied to the soil surface using conventional fertiliser spreading equipment. The other catchment was untreated.The red mud reduced phosphorus loss by 70% from 13.8 kg/ha on the untreated catchment, to 4.2 kg/ha on the treated catchment. Both catchments were treated with 20.4 kg/ha of phosphorus as superphosphate. The catchment treated with red mud also received a further 41.5 kg/ha of phosphorus from the phosphogypsum that was used to neutralise the red mud.Our results show that red mud reduces phosphorus leaching and is potentially a nutrient management option in sandy soils. Red mud has the potential to reduce the impact of agriculture on the estuarine environment and has implications for the continued expansion and intensification of agriculture in the Peel-Harvey catchment.     

Effect of nutrient seed coating on the emergence of wheat and oats

A series of experiments was conducted under controlled soil moisture and temperature conditions in a growth chamber to examine the effect of a range of nutrient seed coatings on the emergence to wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kite) and oats (Avena sativa L. cv. Blackbutt) sown in a coarse sandy loam soil. Final emergence of oats was not reduced by a coating containing 10 kg P ha^–1 (as monocalcium phosphate [MCP]) whereas the same coating reduced wheat emergence by 15%. The emergence of both wheat and oats was severely reduced by urea coatings (supplying 10 kg N ha^–1) to 33 and 13% respectively; this injury was lessened markedly by the inclusion of phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD) in the urea coatings at 1% (w/w) (emergence increased to 66 and 56% respectively).Low soil moisture (67% of field capacity [FC]) resulted in almost no emergence of wheat coated with urea (± bentonites of different pH). In soil at FC, the addition of bentonite of pH 5 (B5) to urea coatings permitted greater emergence (54%) than when bentonite of pH 9 (B9) was added (32%) which, in turn, permitted greater emergence than urea coating alone (10%). When PPD and bentonite (B5 or B9) were combined either singly or together with urea in seed coatings, PPD was more effective than either of the bentonites in reducing injury and masked the slight positive effect of B5.Coatings containing various combinations of N and P sources (at 3.6 and at 8 kg ha^–1 respectively) all reduced the emergence of wheat compared to raw seed (91% emergence). When applied alone, MCP was least damaging (74%); the combination of MCP with ammonium sulfate (AS) caused somewhat more injury (68%) whilst combination with calcium nitrate (CN) caused most injury (29%). In contrast, CN alone caused relatively little damage (73%) whilst AS alone was more damaging (50%). There was no significant regression found between percentage emergence and either the calculated partial salt index or the pH of the nutrient coatings. Further work is needed to examine the mechanisms of injury due to nutrient seed coatings so that safe but effective formulations can be developed.     

含磷的锌基合金的研究现状

简要评述了含磷的锌基合金的研究现状。介绍了Ｚｎ－Ｐ合金镀液中配体和光亮剂的选择、Ｚｎ－Ｐ合金度层中引入第二种金属可以提高镀层中磷含量，同时讨论了Ｚｎ－Ｐ镀层、ＺＺｎ－Ｆｅ－Ｐ镀层的耐蚀性。     

Incubating superphosphate in ‘dry’soil can reduce its effectiveness

Single superphosphate was incubated for six months at 25°C in soil which had been subject to one of three moisture treatments. These were: dried in a glasshouse, dried at a constant temperature of 25°C, or moist soil. Phosphorus (P) effectiveness was then compared with effectiveness of P from freshly-applied superphosphate using yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and triticale (×Triticosecale) tops in pot experiments.Incubation in soil which had been dried at 25°C did not decrease the effectiveness of the P. Incubation in moist soil decreased it to about 20% of the effectiveness of freshly-applied P in one case and to about 50% in the other case. Incubation in soil which had been dried in a glasshouse also decreased its effectiveness. The decrease varied with conditions, but in two cases the P was 70% as effective as freshly-applied P, and in one case only 45% as effective. Presumably sufficient moisture was present in the soil dried in the glasshouse to enable water-soluble P present in the fertilizer to react with the soil.     

层状复合硅酸钠的合成及性能测试

详细介绍了层状复合硅酸钠（LCS）的生产方法及其在洗衣粉中的应用，用LCS制得的洗衣粉，去污力优于无水偏硅酸钠、层状结晶硅酸钠和4A沸石，试验表明LCS是目前应用效果较好的无磷洗涤助剂。     

UniFed SBR 工艺对生活污水除磷的研究

鉴于UniFed SBR工艺具有进水/排水/沉淀阶段同步进行、底部进水、顶部出水及反应器保持恒水位状态等特点,此工艺具有良好的生物除磷脱氮性能.本试验采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧交替运行的UniFed SBR反应器.考察了不同进水碳磷比ρ(C)/ρ(P)值、排水比、最大除磷负荷及曝气量对于系统生物除磷效果的影响.结果表明,对于不同进水ρ(C)/ρ(P)值,分别得到相应的释磷和吸磷速率,当ρ(C)/ρ(P)=23时,系统的出水磷质量浓度为0.89 kg/m~3,去除率为94.67%,当ρ(C)/ρ(P)>23时,可使出水磷质量浓度为零,说明此工艺独特的运行方式适用于低ρ(C)/ρ(P)值生活污水的深度除磷;当进水ρ(COD)成为释磷的限制因素时,随着排水比的增大,出水ρ(P)降低,但当进水ρ(COD)充足时,排水比对于磷的去除影响不大,均能保持较高的去除效率.该工艺独特的运行方式使其在实际操作中达到了很好的除磷效果,并为强化生物除磷提出了新思路和新方法.     

A/O生物除磷工艺丝状菌膨胀的控制

为了有效控制A/O生物除磷工艺处理化粪池污水时产生的丝状菌膨胀,先后采取改变系统的COD污泥负荷(NCOD)、溶解氧(DO)的质量浓度和降低S2-的质量浓度等措施,最终使A/O除磷工艺丝状菌膨胀得到了控制,污泥沉降性能得到了有效恢复.研究结果表明:A/O除磷工艺在高NCOD条件下运行时,容易发生严重的丝状菌膨胀现象,原因是COD在厌氧区降解后仍有较高的剩余量进入好氧区,导致聚磷菌在和丝状菌的竞争中优势变弱;在低NCOD条件下运行时,由于原水中硫化物含量过高导致丝状硫细菌增殖,因此仍然存在轻度的丝状菌膨胀现象.     

纳米二氧化钛胶体对脱墨浆中DCS絮聚去除的GC-MS研究

采用GC-MS表征絮聚前后DCS组分变化的方法研究了纳米TiO2胶体对脱墨浆中DCS絮聚去除的机理.结果表明,该脱墨浆中DCS可硅烷化主要组分为树脂酸、脂肪酸、苯二甲酸酯类物质、2,2-双（4-羟苯基）丙烷和甾醇类等物质;纳米Ti O2胶体对上述多数组分有较强的絮聚去除能力,去除机理主要为“桥连絮聚”作用,且去除效果随组分分子极性增大而增强,随分子结构的位阻屏蔽作用增强而减弱.     

水果蔬菜中有机磷农药残留的快速检测技术研究

利用有机磷杀虫剂敌百虫属酯类化合物在碱性条件下易水解成醇类、酚类和磷酸的性质,将水解产物醇类、酚类与具氧化性的KMnO4有色液反应使溶液的颜色发生改变,根据试液颜色的改变程度与敌百虫量的关系制成标准比色卡,用色卡法快速检测水果蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量。研究表明,该方法对敌百虫的检测灵敏度为0．058mg／kg,单个样品全过程检测只需5min,具有检测时间短、成本低、简单方便、快捷等特点,适用一般家庭或农贸市场、超市快速检测水果、蔬菜中有机磷农药残留量。