Increased hydropower production and hydropeaking mitigation along the Upper Inn River (Tyrol,Austria) with a combination of buffer reservoirs,diversion hydropower plants and retention basins

Research on hydropeaking in Austria started in the 1990s and the implementation of the WFD stipulated large research projects since the year 2009. The first research projects supported the process understanding and in a second investigation step, measures were evaluated. The mountains in the region of Tyrol create large heads and thus support the production of flexible energy. In this region, TIWAG is operating 9 large (>10 MW) and 27 small (<10 MW) hydropower plants, with an installed capacity of about 1,550 MW and a mean annual production of 3,000 GWh. As the governmental energy strategy foresees an extension of the hydropower production in Austria, suitable options were selected in 2004 by TIWAG and the water management framework plan for Western Tyrol was developed. This strategic planning instrument proposes five large power plants, with a generation of 1,800 GWh/year of renewable energy, which enables to reach the WFD targets, because the concept includes hydropeaking mitigation by combining buffer reservoirs (impoundments), diversion hydropower plants, and retention basins. We present our promising concept of hydropeaking mitigation and exemplify this based on the GKI, a hydropeaking diversion hydropower plants (HPP) at the Swiss/Austrian border as well as the Silz hydropeaking retention basin, with a volume of about 300,000 m³. As the presented case studies are the largest measures for hydropeaking mitigation being currently implemented in Central Europe, they have pilot-character. Thus, ongoing research and monitoring programs are expected to improve the knowledge about hydropeaking mitigation.     

不同引渠形式下深式短管进口泄流能力的试验研究

为研究红岩河水库导流泄洪洞深式短管进口引渠形式由明渠改成涵洞后对其泄洪能力的影响,对其在明渠和涵洞两种形式下分别做水工模型试验,验证其水力特性。结果表明,较明渠形式,涵洞形式下的导流泄洪洞同水位下泄流量有不同程度的减小,下泄流量减小在导流泄洪洞进口为压力流状态时表现明显,且减小值随水位的升高而变大;大坝度汛期100年一遇洪水时,试验下泄流量较设计下泄流量约小6.35%;运行期100年一遇洪水时,试验下泄流量较设计下泄流量约小6.51%;运行期2 000年一遇洪水时,试验下泄流量较设计下泄流量约小6.95%。建议在将红岩河水库导流泄洪洞深式短管进口引渠由明渠改成涵洞形式后,需关注导流泄洪洞的下泄流量减小问题,避免由于水库下泄流量不足引起的大坝安全问题。     

Dislocation Structures in a BulkPb－doped Bi－SrCa－Cu－O High Temperature Superconductor

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Thermal spray vitrification process for the removal of lead-based paint from steel structures: An applications note

Lead-based paints and primers have long been used to protect steel structures from corrosion, but are now recognized as environmental hazards. During lead-based paint removal via abrasive blasting, federal, state and local environmental requirements mandate the use of containment structures to prevent contamination of air, soil, or water. The thermal spray vitrification (TSV) process was developed and optimized in laboratory experiments to remove hazardous lead-based paint. TSV consists of thermal spraying a molten glass onto the painted surface. As the glass strikes the substrate, it reacts with the paint, and organic components are pyrolyzed, while lead ions are trapped on the glass surface. Quenching stresses in the glass cause it to crack and spall off the substrate. The resulting glass fragments are collected, and further remelted to completely immobilize lead (Pb) ions in the glassy iron (Fe) silicate matrix. The glass waste is thus rendered non-hazardous, as determined by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP). The TSV process was field tested on a fire hydrant, using minimal personal protective equipment and without using a containment structure. The lead-containing paint was removed, without producing hazardous waste, leaving de-painted surfaces suitable for repainting.     

化学镀制备玄武岩纤维/镍核壳结构及其表征

采用简单易行的化学镀方法，在较低的温度下制备出一种新型的玄武岩纤维／镍核壳结构。SEM、XRD、XPS分析结果表明，金属Ni颗粒吸附在玄武岩纤维表面，形成了一层均匀连续的镍壳层。通过对试验结果进行分析，得出了制备玄武岩纤维／镍核壳结构的最佳温度和pH值分别为50℃和10．0。文中对化学镀核壳结构的形成机理也进行了初步分析。     

30MnCrNiMoB低合金钢绝热剪切带的形成机制与微结构

研究了３０ＭｎＣｒＮｉＭｏＢ低合金钢在穿甲弹冲击下绝热剪切带（ＡＳＢ）的形成机制。指出在高速变形（冲击）条件下ＡＳＢ的形成是应变硬化、热软化和位错动态发时导致的应变软化等因素相互耦合产生的塑性失稳现象。进一步确认ＡＳＢ内具有周期性微观结构，并说明ＡＳＢ中周期性开裂与微结构的关系。     

GCr15钢V型导轨裂纹分析

对V型导轨在磨削后出现的网状裂纹进行宏观和微观检验,分析裂纹产生的原因.结果表明,淬火加热温度偏高或加热时间过长,形成粗大的过热组织,即粗大针状马氏体和过热"带状组织",导致后序磨削产生网状裂纹.     

周志宏对魏氏组织及马氏体的形成和形貌的早期金相研究

关于铁合金中相变的详尽显微组织方面的早期研究之一是由艾伯特·苏佛教授的学生周志宏（哈佛大学博士，１９２８年）完成的。该项研究描述了铁碳合金中魏氏组织和马氏体的形成，所用合金具有宽的碳含量范围，热处理时采用的冷却速率范围也是宽的。还描述了一种独特的汞浴淬火方法。此研究工作从未完全发表过。本文援引该博士论文中的一些原始显微组织照片和部分原文，并试图用我们现今对于铁合金相变的理解来阐明和重新诠释。文中还包括中国引进现代工业和科学的历史背景，以及周志宏对苏佛教授的个人回忆。     

Crystal and magnetic structures of Laves phase compound NdCo2 in the temperature range between 9 and 300 K

The crystal and magnetic structures of the Laves phase compound NdCo₂ in the temperature range from 9 to 300 K are determined by Rietveld refinement technique, using high-resolution neutron powder diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in space group above the magnetic ordering temperature T_C (≈100 K), in space group I4₁/amd below T_C and in space group Imma below the tetragonal–orthorhombic structural/magnetic transitions at T_M ≈ 42 K. The assignment of the space groups to the crystal structures of NdCo₂ in different temperature ranges complies with the reported Mössbauer studies. Detailed information of the crystal and magnetic structures of NdCo₂ at different temperatures are reported.     

Influences of Ta, Nb, or Mo additions in Zr-based bulk metallic glasses on microstructure and thermal properties

The master-alloy ingots for casting bulk metallic glasses are routinely prepared by arc melting a mixture of pure elements. This paper addresses the difficulty in achieving complete and homogeneous melting of refractory component additions in Zr-based BMGs using the above procedure, and its influences on the microstructure and thermal behavior of alloys.