一种共聚物的合成工艺及阻垢性能研究

以水为溶剂,次亚磷酸钠-过硫酸钠为引发剂,以丙烯酸(AA)和2-丙烯酰氨基．2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为单体合成集膦酸基、羧酸基和磺酸基于一体的共聚物制备工艺和阻垢药效进行了研究。经对反应物浓度、反应条件等各因素进行正交设计和反复实验。结果表明,当摩尔配比为AA∶AMPS∶NaH_2PO_2∶Na_2S_2O_8=80∶10∶3∶1,反应温度为70℃,滴加时间为2h,继续保温反应时间为0．5h时,所制备的共聚物阻垢分散性能显著增加,尤以阻Ca_3(PO_4)_2垢的效果明显提高。     

水乳剂用壬基酚聚氧乙烯配磷酸酯的合成

以壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(TX-10)、P2O5为原料,合成了水乳剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚磷酸酯。通过对还原剂用量等因素的讨论,确定最佳工艺条件为:次亚磷酸钠用量为TX-10的0.4%,n(TX-10)∶n(P2O5)∶n(H2O)=2∶1∶0.8,反应温度60℃,反应时间5h。在此条件下产品的酯化率为96.84%。     

氯中含水测定方法的改进

分析了湿氯气中含水量测定方法存在的问题。经对取样方法和分析方法的改进，建立了快捷，准确的测定方法。     

P＆T／GC／MS／SIS法在加氯消毒饮用水中痕量挥发性氯代烃测定中的应用

以吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱联用选择离子存储法(P&T/GC/MS/SIS)测定自来水中微量挥发性氯代烃,确定了最佳定性定量操作条件,同时探讨了改变原水中加氯量对三氯甲烷形成量的影响。当进样量为5.00mL时,四种氯代烃的线性范围为0～50ug/L,相关系数达0.9991以上;相对标准偏差RSD<9.8%;相对误差<7.6%,样品加标回收率为88%～128%,检测限在0.0006～0.26μg.L-1。方法操作方便,结果令人满意。     

油田水处理药剂研究进展

水处理剂是工业用水、生活用水、废水处理过程中所必需使用的化学药剂。介绍了缓蚀剂、阻垢剂、杀菌剂、絮凝剂四种水处理药剂在油田及石化工业中的研究应用现状,并分析提出了其发展趋势。     

50%乙酰甲胺磷WG的配制

以98％乙酰甲胺磷为原药，硅藻土为载体，进行了50％乙酰甲胺磷WG的配方研究。并对样品的分散性、润湿性、崩解性和稳定性进行测定，从中筛选出最佳配方：乙酰甲胺磷50％，十二烷基苯磺酸钠5％，木质素磺酸钠6％，尿素4％，硅藻土补至100％。实验证明：50％乙酰甲胺磷WG配方，其制剂性能优良。     

A new maritime lifesaving multiple-effect solar still design

This paper presents a new maritime lifesaving multiple-effect solar still design where several extended wicks feed seawater to their evaporating areas by capillary force, and the resulting water vapor diffuses and condenses on facing wicks with the condensate flowing through the wicks into storage bags. A theoretical analysis showed that a temperature drop through diffusion layers between evaporating and condensing wicks slowly increases in the main evaporating areas and rapidly near salt depositions whereas the evaporation rate decreases slowly in the main area and rapidly near salt depositions. These changes are caused by increases in salt concentrations and resulting boiling point elevation. With steady-state transfer analysis, the proposed still is predicted to produce about 15 kg m ⁻²d⁻¹ fresh water on a sunny day of 22 MJm⁻²d⁻¹ solar radiation, showing a potential to be a maritime lifesaving desalinator.     

Thermal properties measurements of renatured gelatin using conventional and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry

The thermal properties of amorphous gelatin films and gelatin films with renatured structural order were measured by using conventional and temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Different amounts of gelatin structural order associated with a melting enthalpic change in the DSC measurement were prepared based on different gelatin drying conditions. Two consecutive heating and cooling DSC measurements on the gelatin films showed that there was no change in the glass‐transition temperature (T_g) for the amorphous gelatin but there was a decrease in the T_g for the structural gelatin on the second DSC scan. This decrease was attributed to the plasticizing effect from the release of originally hydrogen‐bonded water associated with the structural gelatin. In addition, a reversing endotherm observed upon melting of the structural gelatin during a temperature modulated DSC measurement indicated that the transition of bound water to free water occurred as the partial triple‐helix gelatin melted. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1795–1801, 2006     

High-performance dispersant of coal–water slurry synthesized from wheat straw alkali lignin

Environmental concerns have stimulated interest in utilizing plant-derived materials in various industrial fields. The main objective of the present study was to synthesize a new type of high-performance lignin series dispersant of coal–water slurry (CWS) from wheat straw alkali lignin (WAL), and determine the affecting factors in the reaction and the application performance for CWS preparation. The experimental results showed that the inherent viscosity and the sulfonic group content of the modified wheat straw alkali lignin (MSL) are the key factors affecting its dispersing effect for CWS. In the reaction, the reactant mass concentration and the sulfonating agent amount were changed to obtain the MSL with different inherent viscosities and sulfonic group contents, and the MSL with intermediate inherent viscosity (6.0 ml/g) and higher sulfonic group content (1.80 mmol g^− 1) was found to have excellent dispersing effect for CWS. The MSL obtained from optimized process was used as dispersant for CWS preparation, the studies of the properties of CWS showed that MSL has similar dispersing effect with naphtalenesulfonate–formaldehyde condensate, and far better dispersing effect than lignosulphonate. Recently this kind of new dispersant has been applied in several power plants in China.     

染料及中间体生产中的治理方法三废(Ⅰ)

由于我国染料及中间体行业近三十年来发展迅猛,而染料企业大多数是小型厂,染料品种繁多,在化工系统中,这一行业目前几乎是污染最严重、污染面最大、治理最差的。同时,一些发达国家把污染重、难治理的产品关停,转向发展中国家生产,染料中间体便是其中之一。所以我国大量的小型乡镇企业治理难度就更大了。不同染料生产原料、工艺过程不同,所排“三废”即有共同的特性,又有各自特点,因此需要针对各自的不同分别处理。本文从废气、有机废液和废渣、废水三方面详细叙述了工业上常用的治理方法及适用条件。并例举了几类排放量较大的废水的治理方法。