Reaction of sodium perborate with a chlorinated cyclic hindered amine (TMP-Cl): I. Quantitative evaluation of active oxygen species in fabric bleaching

The reaction of N-chloro-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine (TMP-Cl) with sodium perborate (PB) was investigated with special reference to the generation of singlet oxygen and the possible application to a new oxidative bleaching process. Generation of the singlet oxygen (¹O₂), the hydroxyl radical (HO·) and superoxide anion radical (O₂·⁻) in the PB/TMP-Cl mixed solution was confirmed by the trapping reagent method. From the results of another experiment, in which the bleaching abilities of each active oxygen species were confirmed, the main active oxygen species contributing to the bleaching of purpurogallin, the skeleton of black tea pigment, in the PB/TMP-Cl system was concluded to be¹O₂.     

柘林水库污染物来源及水体分层对水质的影响

为探究水源水库污染物来源及水质变化规律,以九江市水源地柘林水库为研究对象,于2013年4月—2014年4月逐月对柘林水库进行水质监测.现场测定水温、溶解氧等指标,分层取样测定水体CODMn、TOC、TN、TP、Fe、Mn等水质指标.结果表明,柘林水库主要污染物来源为上游来水,其对CODMn、TN、TP贡献率分别达88.3%、76.2%和67.6%.在水体稳定分层期,底部水体CODMn、TOC、TN、TP、Fe、Mn质量浓度分别升高至3.8、2.4、1.12、0.14、0.42和0.34 mg/L;藻类计数及藻种鉴定结果表明,此时期主库区最大藻密度达2.25×106L-1,以绿藻为主.水体混合后出现Mn质量浓度超标问题,达0.16 mg/L.     

天然藻类对废水中 COD 的去除效率研究

目前废水中COD的处理问题是我国乃至世界各国普遍关注的问题,找到一种操作简单、成本低且效果好的处理方法是解决问题的关键所在。利用天然藻类中绿藻、硅藻处理不同类型废水,以COD作为检测指标。结果表明,绿藻对废水中COD的去除率最高。同时探讨了不同初始浓度的COD、不同种类废水中COD的去除效率。     

基于16S rRNA 基因的戈登氏菌演化分析

探讨19种戈登氏菌共31株间16S rRNA基因演化关系。利用16S rRNA基因序列进行相似性分析和同源性比对,并运用Neighbor-Joining法构建进化树,进行演化分析。其中13条16S rRNA基因序列来自临床分离株,其他16S rRNA基因序列来自Genbank。结果表明：13株临床分离菌株包含4株Gordonia paraffinivorans,6株Gordonia bronchialis 和3株 Gordonia sputi,临床分离株的相似性百分比为93．5％-99．7％;16S rRNA基因序列在戈登氏菌不同种间存在较为明显的差异性（2％—6．2％）,可将临床分离株鉴定到种。进化分析结果显示：戈登氏菌分为两大类群,三种临床分离株在演化上按出现的先后依次为Gordonia bronchialis、Gor-donia sputi、Gordonia paraffinivorans。所做研究可为戈登氏菌相关疾病的流行、预防、治疗和控制提供一定的参考。     

改性钢渣除藻效果研究

对改性钢渣在机械搅拌条件下的除藻效果进行了研究,并分析了改性钢渣预处理与混凝联用工艺对藻类的去除效果和协同作用.实验表明,钢渣经改性后,既能有效地去除水中的藻类,又能降低藻的光合活性,抑制藻的生长;高温活化改性钢渣预处理与混凝联用工艺对藻类有很好的去除效果,其对叶绿素a的平均去除率达91.4％,远高于单纯的钢渣预处理和混凝工艺.这暗示了两者之间在除藻方面存在协同作用.     

汽车产业集群供应链种群生态系统的模拟与仿真

近年来中国汽车产业集群供应链体系发展日趋完善,反映出一定的类生物自调节性质,有必要从种群生态学角度对此展开研究。拟借鉴捕食者-食饵(寄主—寄生)理论,以Volterra模型为基础构建了三企业种群模型,仿真结果显示数值解图呈周期性变化,整个集群供应链体系趋于稳定发展。加强政府引导,合理分配资源及空间,在有效避免集群供应商恶性竞争的同时,可以推进集群供应链的整体稳定发展。     

特殊拟α-双对角占优矩阵的讨论及其应用

定义了特殊拟-双对角占优矩阵,给出了严格特殊拟-双对角占优矩阵的等价表征。由此得到非奇异H-矩阵的判定条件,并用数值例子说明了判定条件的有效性。     

胡椒碱对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞抗肿瘤活性的体外实验研究

胡椒碱（Piperine）是一种从胡椒属植物中提取的生物碱,具有镇静、抗炎、抗肿瘤等多种药理活性.探讨胡椒碱对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞的增殖抑制和诱导凋亡的作用.采用MTT比色法测定其对SGC-7901细胞增殖抑制率;通过免疫荧光法、流式细胞术、Western blot法对其进行抗癌机制研究.MTT结果显示Piperine处理细胞72h的IC50值为37.41 μmol·L-1,且呈现时间剂量依赖性; Hoechst33258染色荧光显微镜观察发现Piperine能诱导SGC-7901细胞核形态学改变,部分细胞呈现典型的凋亡形态学特征;Annexin V-FITC/PI荧光双染结果亦证实Piperine可以诱导SGC-7901细胞发生凋亡;DAPI和DCFH-DA染色流式细胞术分析显示Piperine诱导SGC-7901细胞G2/M期阻滞、细胞活性氧产生增加; Western blot分析发现Bcl-2蛋白表达减少,Bax蛋白表达逐渐增加,呈现剂量依赖性,且Bax/Bcl-2比例增加.因此,Piperine具有抑制SGC-7901细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的抗肿瘤活性.     

CO2 process intensification of algae oil extraction to biodiesel

Algae-to-biodiesel processes are hindered by high costs and low energy return on investment.^1,2. Herein, three foci in research improve algae-to-biodiesel processes by: (1) reducing high installation and energy costs in the CO₂ sequestration, cultivation, and harvesting stages; (2) improving oil extraction and biodiesel generation; and (3) increasing utilization of the proteins in lipid-extracted biomass (e.g., for animal feed), as well as the omega-3 fatty acids for nutraceuticals and food supplements. A process is introduced that uses carbon dioxide to aid in all three of these foci. CO₂ is used first in the form of microbubbles to lyse algae cell walls, releasing triglyceride oils. CO₂ also aids with transesterification of these triglycerides using methanol. At low temperatures (353.15–368.15 K) and intermediate pressures (5–10 MMPa), carbon dioxide causes methanol to dissolve partially in the triglyceride phase and triglyceride to dissolve partially in the methanol phase, increasing the transesterification reaction rate. Due to the nondestructive nature of these processes, other metabolites can also be harvested providing improvements in both mass and economic efficiency with an overall sharp reduction in the modeled price of biodiesel.     

Influence of different reactor types on Nannochloropsis oculata microalgae culture for lipids and fatty acid production

Greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere by burning of fossil fuels cause global warming. One option is obtaining biodiesel. Nannochloropsis oculata was cultured under different light intensities and reactors at 25°C for 21 days with f/2 medium to assess their effects on cell density, lipid, and fatty acids (FAs). N. oculata improved cell density on fed-batch glass tubular reactor (7 L) at 200 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹, yielding 3.5 × 10⁸ cells ml⁻¹, followed by fed-batch Erlenmeyer flask (1 L) at 650 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹ with 1.7 × 10⁸ cells ml⁻¹. The highest total lipid contents (% g lipid × g dry biomass⁻¹) were 44.4 ± 0.8% for the reactor (1 L) at 650 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹ and 35.2 ± 0.2% for the tubular reactor (7 L) at 200 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹, until twice as high compared with the control culture (Erlenmeyer flask 1 L, 80 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹) with 21.2 ± 1%. Comparing the total lipid content at 200 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹, tubular reactor (7 L) and reactor 1 L achieved 35.2 ± 0.2% and 28.3 ± 1%, respectively, indicating the effect of shape reactor. The FAs were affected by high light intensity, decreasing SFAs to 2.5%, and increased monounsaturated fatty acids + polyunsaturated fatty acids to 2.5%. PUFAs (20:5n-3) and (20:4n-3) were affected by reactor shape, decreasing by half in the tubular reactor. In the best culture, fed-batch tubular reactor (7 L) at 200 μmol E m⁻² s⁻¹ contains major FAs (16:0; 38.06 ± 0.16%), (16:1n-7; 30.74 ± 0.58%), and (18:1n-9; 17.15 ± 0.91%).