NEW TUNING METHOD FOR PID CONTROL OF A PLANT WITH UNDER‐DAMPED RESPONSE

In this paper, a tuning formula is derived for PID control of plants with under‐damped step responses. The under‐damped systems are modeled by second‐order plus dead time transfer functions. To derive the tuning rule, the dominant pole assignment method was applied to design the PID controllers for a variety of plant models. Then, the correlation between the controller parameters and the parameters of the models was found and the tuning formula derived. Several simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of this formula.     

Dufour Gland Contents of Ants of the Cataglyphis bicolor Group

The species of desert-dwelling ants of the Cataglyphis bicolor (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) group are difficult to distinguish by morphological features. Analysis of the secretion from the Dufour glands of workers of a number of colonies was undertaken to see if it provided a clear test of species. Linked 6c-ms showed in all samples straight and branched-chain alkanes, linear alkenes, ketones, aldehydes, acetates, and a group of C₂₂ to C₂₈ esters not previously identified in this genus. Contents of the Dufour glands of C. savignyi from Tunisia and Egypt were similar, and comprised straight and branched-chain alkanes, alkenes and small amounts of esters. C. bicolor from Tunisia contained compounds similar to C. savignyi but was distinguished from the latter by larger amounts of the esters. The major compound in the glands of C. viaticus was tridecane, in contrast to the pentadecane of other species. It also contained a branched alkane, 3-methyltridecane as a major component. Branched-chain esters and a wide variety of acetates were also found in this species. C. diehlii had a limited range of compounds, with branched alkanes almost completely absent and high proportions of pentadecene and dodecyl acetate. C. bombycinus, a sympatric species, but recognized as not belonging to the bicolor group by its different mandibular gland substances, was notable in having butanoate esters in its Dufour glands. Despite these differences among species, both the great variability of individuals from a single colony and the among between conspecific colonies make species diagnosis from a few individuals difficult, in contrast with postpharyngeal glands, which, as recently reported, give a clearer indication of species.     

First evidence of grass carp recruitment in the Great Lakes Basin

We use aging techniques, ploidy analysis, and otolith microchemistry to assess whether four grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella captured from the Sandusky River, Ohio were the result of natural reproduction within the Lake Erie Basin. All four fish were of age 1 +. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that these fish were not aquaculture-reared and that they were most likely the result of successful reproduction in the Sandusky River. First, at least two of the fish were diploid; diploid grass carp cannot legally be released in the Great Lakes Basin. Second, strontium:calcium (Sr:Ca) ratios were elevated in all four grass carp from the Sandusky River, with elevated Sr:Ca ratios throughout the otolith transect, compared to grass carp from Missouri and Arkansas ponds. This reflects the high Sr:Ca ratio of the Sandusky River, and indicates that these fish lived in a high-strontium environment throughout their entire lives. Third, Sandusky River fish were higher in Sr:Ca ratio variability than fish from ponds, reflecting the high but spatially and temporally variable strontium concentrations of southwestern Lake Erie tributaries, and not the stable environment of pond aquaculture. Fourth, Sr:Ca ratios in the grass carp from the Sandusky River were lower in their 2011 growth increment (a high water year) than the 2012 growth increment (a low water year), reflecting the observed inverse relationship between discharge and strontium concentration in these rivers. We conclude that these four grass carp captured from the Sandusky River are most likely the result of natural reproduction within the Lake Erie Basin.     

国外行业组织参与职业教育的借鉴与启发

行业参与职业教育已成为我国职业教育发展和改革的重要方式之一,如何更好地发挥行业组织在职教工作中的作用和职能,建立合理的体制机制,有必要借鉴国外的先进经验。本文对德国和澳大利亚行业组织参与职业教育的模式和经验进行了分析、总结,并提出对我国行业尤其是有色金属行业参与职业教育工作的几点启示。     

Modified alternating direction-implicit iteration method for linear systems from the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations

In order to solve the large sparse systems of linear equations arising from numerical solutions of two-dimensional steady incompressible viscous flow problems in primitive variable formulation, Ran and Yuan [On modified block SSOR iteration methods for linear systems from steady incompressible viscous flow problems, Appl. Math. Comput. 217 (2010), pp. 3050–3068] presented the block symmetric successive over-relaxation (BSSOR) and the modified BSSOR iteration methods based on the special structures of the coefficient matrices. In this study, we present the modified alternating direction-implicit (MADI) iteration method for solving the linear systems. Under suitable conditions, we establish convergence theorems for the MADI iteration method. In addition, the optimal parameter involved in the MADI iteration method is estimated in detail. Numerical experiments show that the MADI iteration method is a feasible and effective iterative solver.     

对角占优矩阵非奇异的充分必要条件

提出了对角均势矩阵的定义,并通过分析对角占优矩阵的内部结构,发现对角占优矩阵是否具有对角均势主子阵是影响该类矩阵非奇异的根本原因．在此基础上,给出了该类矩阵非奇异的几个充分必要条件．     

利用隐性课程优势促进英语教学改革

隐性课程在英语教学中的作用十分明显。新课标的颁布与实施,更是促进了隐性课程在中学英语教学中的应用。本文对隐性课程作了简要概述,指出了隐性课程发展过程中存在的一些问题,给中学英语教学中隐性课程的开发和利用提供一些理论参考,对促进中学英语课程改革与提高中学教育发展水平具有一定的现实指导意义。     

非奇异H-矩阵的一个简捷判别定理

设A=(aij)∈Cn×n,若存在α∈(0,1),使■i∈N,有|aii|≥Rαi(A)S1-αi(A)成立,则称A为α链对角占优矩阵。利用α-链对角占优矩阵、不可约α-链对角占优矩阵、广义严格α-链对角占优矩阵等概念及性质,给出了非奇异H-矩阵的一个简捷判别定理。从而改进和推广了相应的一些结果,并给出相应的数值例子说明结果的有效性。     

基于概率模型的随机裂隙优势产状取值

随机裂隙是广泛存在于岩体中的一种规模较小的结构面,由于其发育的随机性,故其产状、规模等结构面性质难于确定。但是,大量研究表明,同一地区相同地质环境下发育的随机裂隙,其结构面性质存在一定的统计规律。利用建立概率模型的方法,对某花岗岩地区水电站左岸坝基随机裂隙组的优势产状取值进行了探讨。通过建立概率模型所绘制出的概率曲线进行研究发现,相对于简单的求样本的算数平均值,取概率曲线峰值点所对应的数值为一组裂隙最佳产状更为合理。     

典型生物质热解过程中碱（土）金属转化特性

通过进行鄱阳湖典型水生植物管式炉热解试验,联用便携红外分析仪、煤气分析仪和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪,分析了恒温热解焦中碱（土）金属的含量及其在热解过程中转化规律.结果表明：凤眼莲对生活污水中的碱（土）金属有一定的吸附作用;水生植物的恒温热解过程主要为一次反应,CO、CO2和CH4的体积分数达到最大的时间在60s左右,而H2在100 s左右.水生植物热解过程中,Na的析出率最高,其次是K,然后是Ca和Mg;凤眼莲中K主要以无机盐形式存在,在热解反应后期以无机盐分解挥发析出,析出率最高达75％左右.