Dynamic Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species in the Shoot Apex Contribute to Stem Cell Death in Arabidopsis thaliana

In monocarpic plants, stem cells are fated to die. However, the potential mechanism of stem cell death has remained elusive. Here, we reveal that the levels of two forms of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion free radical (O2·−) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), show dynamic changes in the shoot apex during the plant life cycle of Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the level of O2·− decreased and disappeared at four weeks after bolting (WAB), while H₂O₂ appeared at 3 WAB and showed a burst at 5 WAB. The timing of dynamic changes in O2·− and H₂O₂ was delayed for approximately three weeks in clv3-2, which has a longer lifespan. Moreover, exogenous application of H₂O₂ inhibited the expression of the stem cell determinant WUSCHEL (WUS) and promoted the expression of the developmentally programmed cell death (dPCD) marker gene ORESARA 1 (ORE1). These results indicate that H₂O₂ triggers an important signal inducing dPCD in stem cells. Given that O2·− plays roles in maintaining WUS expression and stem cell activity, we speculate that the dynamic shift from O2·− to H₂O₂ in the shoot apex results in stem cell death. Our findings provide novel insights for understanding ROS-mediated regulation during plant stem cell death.     

MoO3/TiO2纳米复合催化剂的合成及催化脱氢性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成MoO3/TiO2、K2O-MoO3/TiO2、V2O5-MoO3/TiO2、Al2O3-MoO3/TiO2、K2O-V2O5-MoO3/TiO2系列纳米催化剂。借助TEM、XRD、IR等技术对催化剂进行了表征,并利用环己烷催化氧化脱氢成环己烯的反应进行活性测试。结果表明,MoO3在载体TiO2呈单层和多层分布,单层分布时发生了Mo与O—Ti的键合作用,同时使TiO2表面水分子发生解离反应,活化时脱去—OH产生Mo6+和Mo—O-活性中心;多层分布时以Mo[FY=,1]O、Mo—O-活性物种为主。脱氢中心和供氧中心之间存在协同作用,K、Al、V均能影响其协同作用。     

应用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术分析研究畜肉中硒形态

目的 应用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱联用技术（HPLC-ICP/MS）分析研究畜肉中Se（Ⅵ）、Se（Ⅳ）、SeCys、MeSeCys和SeMet 5种硒形态。方法 采用超声辅助蛋白酶ⅩⅣ和胰脂肪酶酶解提取畜肉中硒形态,以C18反相色谱柱为分析柱,10 mmol/L柠檬酸和5 mmol/L己烷磺酸钠（pH=4.0,含1%甲醇）为流动相,等度洗脱,HPLC-ICP/MS分析。结果 5种硒形态可在7 min内有效分离,在线性范围内相关系数均>0.999,线性良好;Se（Ⅵ）、SeCys、MeSeCys和SeMet 4种硒形态检出限为0.000 3~0.002 mg/kg,不同浓度水平的加标回收率为80.0%~103.3%,相对标准偏差均小于6.8%,有证标准物质ERM^? BC210a测定值在标准值范围内。结论 该方法适用畜肉中Se（Ⅵ）、SeCys、MeSeCys和SeMet的分析测定。畜肉中的硒形态主要为SeMet,同时含有少量的MeSeCys和SeCys。     

Hyperthermia Enhances Doxorubicin Therapeutic Efficacy against A375 and MNT-1 Melanoma Cells

Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, and its incidence has alarmingly increased in the last few decades, creating a need for novel treatment approaches. Thus, we evaluated the combinatorial effect of doxorubicin (DOX) and hyperthermia on A375 and MNT-1 human melanoma cell lines. Cells were treated with DOX for 24, 48, and 72 h and their viabilities were assessed. The effect of DOX IC10 and IC20 (combined at 43 °C for 30, 60, and 120 min) on cell viability was further analyzed. Interference on cell cycle dynamics, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and apoptosis upon treatment (with 30 min at 43 °C and DOX at the IC20 for 48 h) were analyzed by flow cytometry. Combined treatment significantly decreased cell viability, but not in all tested conditions, suggesting that the effect depends on the drug concentration and heat treatment duration. Combined treatment also mediated a G2/M phase arrest in both cell lines, as well as increasing ROS levels. Additionally, it induced early apoptosis in MNT-1 cells, while in A375 cells this effect was similar to the one caused by hyperthermia alone. These findings demonstrate that hyperthermia enhances DOX effect through cell cycle arrest, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death.     

膜-生物反应器中污泥膨胀对生物相及微生物多样性影响

针对丝状细菌引起污泥膨胀并对系统运行造成影响的现象,采用处理生活污水的MBR工艺连续流小试运行方式,就丝状菌污泥膨胀对MBR系统的影响进行跟踪考察.对反应器内的生物相监测是研究其处理机理的重要内容,结合生物学、分子生物学分析方法,对系统活性污泥混合液中的微生物多样性及无脊椎动物进行了连续跟踪监测.结果表明,系统内随丝状菌污泥膨胀加剧,微生物多样性降低,微型动物优势种群及其数量随环境变化而波动,呈现一定的规律性.     

不同贮藏温度下稻花鸡肉的品质及细菌组成多样性变化

本文研究了25℃常温、4℃冷藏、0℃冰温贮藏下稻花鸡肉p H值、水分含量、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(Total Volatile Basic Nitrogen,TVB-N)及感官评价;基于16S rRNA,研究货架期前后鸡肉细菌群落结构、演替规律及相对丰度。结果表明：结果表明：25℃常温12 h菌落总数和TVB-N均超过国家标准规定,水分含量和p H第12 h后变化趋势极大;4℃冷藏4 d菌落总数超过国家标准规定,TVB-N为13.64 mg/100 g,水分含量和p H第4天后均呈显著性差异;0℃冰温8 d菌落总数为8.90×10⁵ CFU/g,未超过国家标准规定,但TVB-N为15.25 mg/100 g,超过国标限值,水分含量和p H第8天后变化趋势极大。综合各品质指标,三种贮藏温度下货架期分别为12 h、4 d、8 d,感官评分均在可接受范围内。25℃贮藏末期以不动杆菌属、沙雷氏菌属、多源菌属、泛菌属、肠杆菌科未分类属细菌为主。4℃与0℃贮藏末期优势腐败菌均以假单胞菌属、不动杆菌属、沙雷氏菌属、肠杆菌科未分类属为主,但丰度占比有较大差异。不同贮藏温度下稻花鸡...     

番荔枝属不同品种叶表面微形态的电镜观察

应用扫描电子显微镜对番荔枝属九个番荔枝品种的叶表面角质、蜡质、表皮毛、气孔等微形态进行了观察比较.结果显示：它们之间的叶表面表皮毛、角质、蜡质和气孔等微形态均有较大的差异.秘鲁番荔枝、AP杂交番荔枝、无核番荔枝上下表面均具有单列丝状毛,气孔只分布于下表面;普通番荔枝、圆滑番荔枝、粗鳞番荔枝叶表面均无表皮毛;秘鲁番荔枝、AP杂交番荔枝、普通番荔枝、粗鳞番荔枝上下表皮角质呈不规则的岛状突起,而圆滑番荔枝、无核番荔枝表面角质较平,角质膜形状不甚清晰;以上所述番荔枝叶表面都覆盖有密厚的针晶状蜡被;除圆滑番荔枝的气孔有副卫细胞外,其它气孔只有保卫细胞而无副卫细胞;刺番荔枝、山刺番荔枝、牛心番荔枝的叶表皮毛为短棍棒状,其表皮角质细胞呈乳突状或波状突起;山刺番荔枝的棒状毛顶端钝圆,而刺番荔枝与牛心番荔枝的棒状毛顶端尖锐;刺番荔枝和山刺番荔枝只有下表皮才具有棒状毛,其气孔形状近似圆形,孔口略内陷于表皮层,牛心番荔枝表面角质呈不规则波状突起,气孔细长稍突.由于这些不同的叶表面微形态是长期受各物种原产地的气候、环境条件影响所形成的,因此研究番荔枝品种的叶表面微形态结构,对正确引种和推广番荔枝果树种植有着重要的意义.     

一种基于多物种协同进化的神经网络优化方法

论文在阐明了遗传算法和神经网络结合的必要性之后,分析了一般遗传算法在神经网络结构优化过程中存在的不足,并根据多物种之间相互竞争和相互适应的机理提出了一种基于多物种协同进化的优化方法。该方法既可以有效地避免神经网络结构寻优过程中解搜索空间过大以及进化规则复杂等问题,还可以起到对网络的结构和权值同时进化的作用。仿真实验表明该方法是可行并且有效的。     

Cold Atmospheric Plasma Apoptotic and Oxidative Effects on MCF7 and HCC1806 Human Breast Cancer Cells

Breast cancer (BC) is a malignant neoplasia with the highest incidence and mortality rates in women worldwide. Currently, therapies include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, including targeted therapies in some cases. However, treatments are often associated with serious adverse effects. Looking for new options in BC treatment, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) in two cell lines (MCF7 and HCC1806) with distinct histological features. Apoptosis seemed to be the most prevalent type of death, as corroborated by several biochemical features, including phosphatidylserine exposure, the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, an increase in BAX/BCL2 ratio and procaspase 3 loss. Moreover, the accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle points to the loss of replication ability and decreased survival. Despite reported toxic concentrations of peroxides in culture media exposed to plasma, intracellular peroxide concentration was overall decreased accompanying a reduction in GSH levels shortly after plasma exposure in both cell lines. In HCC1806, elevated nitric oxide (NO) concentration accompanied by reduced superoxide levels suggests that these cells are capable of converting plasma-derived nitrites into NO that competes with superoxide dismutase (SOD) for superoxide to form peroxinitrite. The concomitant inhibition of the antioxidative activity of cells during CAP treatment, particularly the inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase with sodium azide, synergistically increased plasma toxicity. Thus, this in vitro research enlightens the therapeutic potential of CAP in the treatment of breast cancer, elucidating its possible mechanisms of action.