基于潞宁煤矿的采空区高位钻孔参数优化设计

U型工作面上隅角瓦斯积聚一直是制约煤矿安全生产的重要因素,为了提高采空区瓦斯抽采率并降低上隅角瓦斯浓度,以潞宁煤矿22115工作面为背景,采用理论计算、数值模拟和现场测试相结合的方法,对顶板裂隙带的发育高度、上隅角高位钻孔的最优参数进行了研究。研究结果表明:钻孔终孔的最佳布置层位在裂隙带拉张区和闭合区的交界处;潞宁煤矿裂隙带最大发育高度为59m;现场测试验证高位钻孔终孔位置最佳布置高度为45m。     

尾矿库槽孔管外包土工布径向渗流试验模型及其渗透特性分析

槽孔管排渗体系对降低尾矿坝浸润线具有重要作用,而以往研究多基于一维试验单独测定土工布的渗透系数,对槽孔管外包土工布整体系统的渗透特性研究较少。首先设计研发了一套针对槽孔管外包土工布排渗体系的径向流试验设备,进而基于研发的试验设备,开展不同水头差及不同土工布层数下槽孔管排渗体系的渗流试验,研究土工布层数和水头差对排渗体系渗透特性的影响。试验结果表明：随水头差增加,槽孔管排渗体系渗透系数具有逐渐增加的规律;随外包土工布由一层增加到二层是渗透系数具有明显减小,但随着土工布层数继续增加渗透系数又出现轻微增加的情况。本文试验结果可为槽孔管外包土工布整体结构在尾矿坝排渗降渗中的应用提供一定参考。     

油砂SAGD水平井钻井液体系

针对SAGD水平井在油砂开发过程中井壁失稳、托压易黏附卡钻及沥青沾染钻具和固控设备等难题,室内通过核心处理剂的优选,研发了一套强抑制高润滑水基钻井液体系。室内性能评价表明,该钻井液抗温180℃,抗沥青20%,抗钻屑25%,岩屑滚动回收率为91.7%,润滑性能与油基钻井液基本相当。强抑制高润滑水基钻井液在麦凯河区块5对（10口） SAGD水平井施工过程中性能稳定易调整,润滑效果突出,机械钻速高,无任何复杂事故。结果表明,强抑制高润滑水基钻井液完全满足浅层油砂SAGD水平井施工工艺的技术需求,具有推广应用价值。      

Reclamation of Abandoned Coal Mine Waste in Korea using Lime Cake By-Products

Abstract.  There are hundreds of abandoned coal mines in Korea's steep mountain valleys. Enormous amounts of coal waste from these mines were dumped on the slopes, contaminating streams with sediment and acid mine drainage. A limestone slurry by-product (lime cake), which is produced during the manufacture of soda ash, was investigated for its potential use in reclaiming the coal waste. The lime cake is fine grained, has low hydraulic conductivities (10^-8 to 10^-9 cm sec^-1), high pH, high electrical conductivity, and trace amounts of heavy metals. A field experiment was conducted; each plot was 20 x 5 m in size on a 56% slope. Treatments included a control (waste only), lime (CaCO₃), and lime cake. The lime requirement (LR) of the coal waste to pH 7.0 was determined; treatments consisted of adding 25, 50, and 100% of the LR. The lime cake and lime were applied either as a layer between the coal waste and topsoil or mixed into the topsoil and waste. Each plot was hydroseeded with grasses, and planted with trees. In each plot, soils, surface runoff, and subsurface water were collected and analyzed, and plant cover was measured. Lime cake treatments increased the pH of the coal waste from 3.5 to 6, and neutralized the pH of the runoff and leachate of the coal waste from 4.3 to 6.7. Moreover, the surface cover of seeded species was significantly increased; sufficient acidity in the coal waste was neutralized in the 25% LR plots to allow seed germination.     

Distribution of Organic Carbon in the Berkeley Pit Lake, Butte, Montana

Abstract.  The concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the Berkeley pit lake water ranges from 2 to 4 mg/L, and is comparable to that of its inflow waters. On the dates sampled, the DOC concentrations decreased towards the surface of the lake, in a manner similar to the concentration of dissolved Fe. This may reflect adsorption of DOC onto newly formed ferric precipitates in the epilimnion of the lake. The total organic carbon (TOC) content of the lake sediment is 0.20 to 0.33%, and is on the low end of TOC in natural aquatic sediments. In contrast, the DOC concentrations of sediment pore waters are unusually high, ranging from 50 to 380 mg/L, and are much higher than DOC values of pore waters from typical marine or lacustrine sediments. The high DOC concentrations are explained by release of adsorbed organic carbon from ferric precipitates as they age and recrystallize, coupled with the relative scarcity of heterotrophic bacteria in the acidic and heavy metal-rich waters that would otherwise consume DOC through reduction of sulfate.     

鸭溪电厂输灰不畅原因分析与处理

针对贵州鸭溪电厂气力输灰不畅原因及带来后果进行了全面仔细分析,找到了解决问题根源的有效方法,不仅为机组安全经济运行提供了有力保证,而且为节能降耗、美化环境起到积极的推进作用。     

虹吸井对尾矿坝地震液化的影响分析

为了解虹吸井对尾矿坝地震液化的影响,以东北地区弓长岭尾矿坝为例,通过在坝体施加虹吸井的方法进行动力计算,比较了排渗措施失效后与施加虹吸井后对坝体及库区液化区分布的影响,并通过有限元方法和拟静力法计算了坝坡的安全系数。结果表明,排渗措施失效后液化区主要分布于坝体溢出点以下区域及尾矿库库区内,坝体安全系数不符合规范要求,且尾矿坝不安全;施加虹吸井后液化区显著减小,仅分布于尾矿库库区内,库区水边线附近分布区域最大,且坝体安全系数能满足现行规范要求,尾矿坝安全稳定。     

煤层气井排出水的水质研究

叙述了煤层气排出水的水质物理、化学性质以及水质分析情况,提出,要对排出水进行检测,并采取有效防护措施,以免对环境造成影响,尤其是对地下水的污染。     

Generalized Analytical Solutions for Groundwater Head in Inclined Aquifers in the Presence of Subsurface Drains

Analytical solutions for groundwater head in the presence of subsurface drains are important in assessing the effectiveness of an existing drainage system under a probable extreme variation in the rate of recharge and designing a new drainage system. Generalized analytical solutions for groundwater head in inclined aquifers in the presence of parallel subsurface drains are obtained considering the transient rate of recharge as a power series (polynomial) function and depth-dependent rate of evapotranspiration. An appropriate function, new to analytical drainage studies, is used for correctly representing the depth-dependent rate of evapotranspiration. The solutions are obtained considering the practical situation of drains placed at shallow depth in a considerable depth of aquifer. Two conditions of large and small saturated thicknesses in comparison to the increase in groundwater head are considered. A mathematical criterion is proposed to distinguish between large and small saturated thicknesses. The analytical equations for discharge to drains for different cases considered are also obtained. The discharge equations used by prior investigators are found inappropriate.     

浅谈露天转地下开采防洪问题

以黑龙江某金矿露天转地下开采设计为例,阐述了露天转地下开采矿山采取的一般防洪措施。同时,提出对于有露天坑贮水条件的矿山,可充分利用露天坑底贮存洪水,按照贮、排平衡原则,合理布置贮、排水系统,以较小的投入保证矿山安全生产。