Color and COD retention by nanofiltration membranes

In the present study the application of the nanofiltration process was investigated mainly in the retention ofcolor and chemical oxygen demand (COD) present in textile industry wastewater. Nanofiltration experiments were carried out in a pilot unit, operating in crossflow. Three different types of spiral wound membranes, DK 1073, NF 45 and MPS 31 were used simultaneously in the same unit. The results of the tests showed that for color retention, the values were around 99% for the DK 1073 and NF 45 membranes and the 87% for COD retention for the DK 1073. The permeate flux for the different wastewaters varied from 30.5 to 70 L/h.m². Fouling was observed in all membranes due to the accumulation of molecular species close to the filtering surface. The process was efficient and promising for the reuse of wastewater from this type of industry.     

化肥厂排水回用试验

本文介绍了太原化肥厂含盐量、悬浮物、ＮＨ３－Ｎ含量均较高的排水经简单、经济的工艺净中回用于工业冷却水的水质稳定模拟试验，结果表明，回用于工业冷却水过程中，水中微生物滋长的问题得到了良好的解决，在循环水含盐量达到１４６５４ｍｇ／Ｌ，总硬度达到８２７ｍｇ／Ｌ（以ＣａＣＯ３计）的情况下，系统内的腐蚀及结垢倾向得到了较好的控制。     

室外真空排水系统与关键技术

真空排水系统改变了室外污水管网单一的重力输送污水的传统模式,污水在真空排水系统中以一定的真空压差输送,系统管道只需保证覆土深度而不要求坡度进行敷设,具有与其他专业管线协调灵活,管径小、流速大、施工方便、投资低、不堵塞、卫生无臭气等优点。适用地形复杂、地面起伏大、坡降小、地下水位高的地区。真空接触启动、真空保压设备、系统安全监控以及系统的设计计算是真空排水系统的技术关键。     

国外废旧塑料的再生利用

简述了废旧塑料的处理方法。着重介绍了世界工业发达国家,如美国、西欧、日本等国家近年来废旧塑料再生利用的情况及部分公司废旧塑料的再生回收技术。在世界性节能和节约资源的浪潮中,我国有关部门与行业应努力借鉴国外经验,开发废旧塑料的再生利用技术。     

Horizontal wells and steam-assisted gravity drainage

Petroleum can be produced more efficiently using horizontal wells instead of conventional wells. For a typical 16 hectare well spacing, the pressure drawdown is as small as one-fiftieth of that for conventional wells. In some cases, where coning is a problem in conventional production, horizontal wells allow operation with much less coproduction of the displacing fluid. In the thermal recovery of bitumen and heavy oils, the Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage process with horizontal production wells allows the systematic sweeping of the reservoir with economic production rates and without steam bypass. This paper described and reviews the application of horizontal wells to the production of heavy crude oils and bitumen by both non-thermal and thermal methods.     

循环冷却水零排污运行方案的研究

对循环冷却水系统零排污的技术可行性、经济性等进行了讨论，并针对大庆炼化公司循环冷却水系统零排污方案的实施加以详细描述，对实施过程中存在的问题予以了详细说明。     

Sludge Pre-Treatment through Ozone Application: Alternative Sludge Reuse Possibilities for Recirculating Aquaculture System Optimization

Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS) reduce water consumption by efficient filtration to maintain appropriate levels of accumulating compounds and sludge. Sludge is mechanically separated by drum filters and disposed of to the detriment of overall system water budgets. Dissolved nitrogen compounds are reduced via nitrification–denitrification filters, requiring commercial external carbon sources. The reuse of sludge after ozone pre-treatment may represent the next step in RAS optimization. The present study analyzes the content of sludge from RAS and tests ozonation as a pre-treatment for recycling as carbon source. The dissociative effect of ozone and the physicochemical changes due to ozonation lead to a significant increase in soluble carbon availability. Predominantly long-chain fatty acid (FA) (saturated and unsaturated) with 16 and 18 carbon atoms independently of the treatment were found in the profiles. Saturated FA concentrations in solution increased after 20, 40, and 60 min ozonation. The solid content of the sludge was practically unaffected by ozonation in terms of FA profile: only saturated FA slightly increases after 40 min treatment. The implications of these findings for denitrifying bacteria are discussed.

Abbreviations: Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (RAS); Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs)     

城市雨洪放大效应驱动因子时空演变规律分析

城市雨洪具有复杂的放大效应,引起该现象较直接的原因包括大暴雨的频繁出现、可渗透地表面积的骤减以及排蓄水能力的改变和排水管网的扩张等。以武汉市为例,选择降雨强度、不透水面积比例、排水管道密度作为洪水放大效应的驱动因子进行趋势分析和演变规律分析,计算表明:从20世纪80年代开始,暴雨雨量和历时明显增加;不透水面在20世纪90年代初增加较快;排水管道在1990~2006年间缓慢增长,2007年跳跃式增长。降雨量和历时的增加使城市洪量增大,排水压力随之上升,在一定程度上增加了内涝几率;不透水面积的逐年增多以及水体等天然蓄水区的减少,不但增加了产流量,也使汇流时间更短,且雨水管渠的建设缩短了天然汇流路径,导致城市洪水呈现峰高量大,洪峰提前的放大效应。研究成果可用于城市雨洪放大效应对其驱动因子的定量响应研究,为进一步量化城市内涝风险与驱动因子间的关系提供依据,从而为内涝风险调控措施提供技术支撑。     

城市异形排涝通道消能防冲新技术

该文针对感潮河段魁岐排涝二站?型复杂流道的不利冲刷问题,通过建立整体水工模型,研究城市异形排涝通道消能防冲新技术,提出导流坎、消力坎和消力墩联合消能防冲技术,探索其在宽幅水位变化、多工程交替运行及通航情况下的适应能力,并给出水力设计方法。研究表明,联合消能工对复杂工况适应良好,能有效解决异形排涝通道的消能防冲问题。     

杭州市城西地区洪水出路研究

杭州市城西地区地势低洼,上承山水,下受杭嘉湖平原河流水位顶托,为易受洪涝灾害地区。以抵挡2007年"罗莎"台风洪水为目标,根据城西地区水系分布、城市布局,初步提出了洪水外排、湿地调蓄、建圩挡水的排涝布局及10种洪水出路方案。对10个方案从水位、水量、工程投资、对周边地区影响、政策处理等方面进行比较,最终提出以建设西溪湿地至钱塘江的地下排水通道、西溪湿地内部调蓄、分区建圩的组合方案为推荐方案。经分析认为,推荐方案可有效减轻杭州市城西地区的洪涝问题。