Genome-Wide Analysis of the Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) and Abscisic Acid-, Stress-, and Ripening-Induced (ASR) Gene Superfamily from Canavalia rosea and Their Roles in Salinity/Alkaline and Drought Tolerance

Canavalia rosea (bay bean), distributing in coastal areas or islands in tropical and subtropical regions, is an extremophile halophyte with good adaptability to seawater and drought. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins typically accumulate in response to various abiotic stresses, including dehydration, salinity, high temperature, and cold, or during the late stage of seed development. Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) genes are stress and developmentally regulated plant-specific genes. In this study, we reported the first comprehensive survey of the LEA and ASR gene superfamily in C. rosea. A total of 84 CrLEAs and three CrASRs were identified in C. rosea and classified into nine groups. All CrLEAs and CrASRs harbored the conserved motif for their family proteins. Our results revealed that the CrLEA genes were widely distributed in different chromosomes, and all of the CrLEA/CrASR genes showed wide expression features in different tissues in C. rosea plants. Additionally, we introduced 10 genes from different groups into yeast to assess the functions of the CrLEAs/CrASRs. These results contribute to our understanding of LEA/ASR genes from halophytes and provide robust candidate genes for functional investigations in plant species adapted to extreme environments.     

安徽省农业旱灾脆弱性综合分析与评价

旱灾是影响安徽省农业特别是粮食生产可持续发展的重要制约因素。在相同致灾强度下,灾情会随灾害脆弱性的增强而加重,因此,研究农业旱灾脆弱性对安徽省防灾减灾和农业可持续发展具有特别重要意义。根据影响旱灾脆弱性的因素和指标体系选取的原则,选择了旱灾面积比、森林覆盖率、农村人均收入等9个指标,采用加权综合评价方法对各市旱灾脆弱性进行分析,并利用聚类分析方法进行旱灾脆弱性区划。结果表明,除合肥市、阜阳市、池州市、宿州市和黄山市5个市需要采取措施降低旱灾脆弱度外,安徽省总体上农业旱灾脆弱性较弱,有较强的抗旱承灾能力。     

Chemical and Isotopic Tracer Evaluation of Water Mixing and Evaporation in a Dammed Texas River During Drought

The interaction between drought and river regulation is monitored to better understand river flow mixing, evaporation and surface‐groundwater exchange in changing regional climates and in increasingly regulated waterways. This study compared Brazos River stable isotope (δ¹⁸O and δD) and electrical conductivity values with reservoir, creek and aquifer samples in the Brazos watershed, the largest watershed in Texas. The combination of tributaries, rainfall and the Brazos River Alluvium Aquifer, on the one hand, and the Lake Whitney reservoir, on the other hand, represent endmembers of dilute run‐off water and evaporated saline water, respectively. A simple isotope mixing model that uses monthly river discharge, Lake Whitney discharge, historical monthly precipitation δ¹⁸O and pan evaporation accurately reconstructs river δ¹⁸O (±0.5‰ on average). Data and isotope balance modelling support continued evaporation of ¹⁸O‐enriched Lake Whitney water as it flows downstream, although the most evaporation took place in Lake Whitney. The difference between river and precipitation δ¹⁸O, or Δ¹⁸O_RIV‐_PPT, here a measurement of degree of evaporation, ranged from ?0.1‰ for a small creek, to 1.7‰ for the Brazos River, to at least 2.7‰ in Lake Whitney. This study indicates that drought in regulated rivers may enhance reservoir discharge dominance in river flows during peak drought conditions when combined run‐off and baseflow dominance would be expected in a similar undammed river. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

江西省农业旱情预测模型的建立与应用

根据农业用地的不同性质分别建立旱地缺墒模型,灌溉水田、水浇地、菜地与望天田缺水度模型,并据此建立江西省农业旱情预测模型,对江西省农业旱情进行预测.为科学抗旱和减少旱灾损失提供依据和指导.     

湖南省农业干旱灾害风险区划研究

基于自然灾害风险理论和旱灾物理成因,考虑干旱的危险性、承灾体的暴露性、环境的脆弱性以及抗旱减灾能力等方面的要素,运用“自下而上”的区划方法,对湖南省农业干旱灾害风险进行了区划。以县级行政区为最小区划单元,选取9个评价指标并利用层次分析法构建农业干旱灾害风险指数,采用基于GN算法的区域区划方法,将湖南省划分为5个干旱灾害风险等级和12个分布区,其中常德市、衡阳市、郴州市等地部分地区风险较高;划分结果与湖南省水稻生产干旱灾害风险区划的结果多数相同,验证了区划结果的合理性。     

资水流域短期/长期综合干旱指数的构建与应用

干旱评估作为干旱灾害监测与防御的一个重要方面,如何准确评价并预测研究区域的旱情是当前研究的热点和难点。基于资水罗家庙以上流域的水文、气象资料,分别计算具有不同时间尺度的干旱指数值,利用主成分分析方法,分别研制基于水文模型的短期/长期综合干旱指数并探讨了其在资水流域的适用性。研究结果表明:短期综合干旱指数和长期干旱指数均能很好识别并评价资水流域的历史干旱。研究成果可为长江流域及其他流域建立和健全干旱监测与预警系统提供重要参考。     

辽西代表地区旱涝分析研究

根据辽西地区的地形特点,以阜新为典型研究对象,对该地区的降水资料、气象资料进行整理,计算降水距与Z指标两个参数进行综合计算,根据计算的结果对阜新地区的旱涝情况进行分析,得到该地区1997—2006年的评价结论。在此基础之上,对降水距与Z指标的应用情况进行总结,归纳出二者的应用特点。     

云南省干旱及演变趋势分析

在收集云南省历史旱情、灾情资料以及1949—2009年的旱灾统计资料的基础上,分析云南省干旱周期的年际变化规律,空间分布规律以及干旱演变趋势,提出工程和非工程的抗旱措施,为云南省的抗旱减灾、制定抗旱调度方案提供科学依据。     

曲沃县干旱灾害成因分析与对策研究

从曲沃县的干旱灾害概况入手,分析了曲沃县旱灾成因,提出了做好当前该县抗旱工作的主要对策措施。     

宁夏彭阳县旱灾成因分析及抗旱措施研究

干旱是对人类及社会危害极大的一种自然灾害。干旱可分为气象干旱、水文干旱、农业干旱和社会经济干旱。农业干旱是彭阳县发生范围最广、频率最高、灾情最严重的干旱类型,是影响县域经济和社会发展的重要制约因素。本文简要阐述了彭阳县农业干旱发生的规律,探讨了评定干旱的几种方法,并对干旱成因作了详细分析,为掌握农业干旱发生、发展的规律...