全面建设小康社会的水利发展目标

根据党的十六大提出的全面建设小康社会的发展目标 ,结合新中国成立 5 0多年来我国水利建设的现状 ,分析我国当前水利建设面临的形势和全面建设小康社会对水利建设的要求 ,提出了全面建设小康社会的水利发展 10大目标 :至 2 0 2 0年 ,全国总用水量为 6 5 0 0亿m3;水旱灾害损失占GDP的比例降为 2 0 % ;农业用水占总用水量的比例降为 6 0 % ;城乡供水普及率达 75 % ;水功能区水质达标率为 75 % ;水土流失治理率达 6 5 % ;生态环境用水保障程度达 70 % ;万元GDP用水量为2 0 0m3;水管理信息化水平达 80 % ;大、中专以上学历水管理人员比例达 80 % .综合实现程度达75 % .     

旱地农业高效用水技术的应用研究

旱地农业面积约占全国耕地面积的59％，对国民经济具有举足轻重的作用。旱地农业没有灌溉条件，必须在提高降水利用率上做文章。旱地农业高效用水技术主要包括：适水种植、选育抗旱节水高产品种、搞好农田基本建设、耕作保墒、化学调控节水和抗旱灌溉。     

全国土壤田间持水量分布探讨

针对大范围旱情监测预测系统建设的具体要求，在全国干旱综合区划的基础上，分析了当前田间持水量分布研究的基本方法及存在问题，并在分析、评价现有基础资料的同时，采用定性定量相结合的方法，建立了一套切实可行的基于旱情监测预测系统建设的全国土壤田间持水量分布的确定方法，最终得出了全国土壤田间持水量分布图。     

Towards a Drought Watch System based on Spatial SPI

Regional Drought can be assessed through various meaningfulprocedures mainly related to the expected consequences. However, a general knowledge of the occurrence of drought, thearea which is affected, its severity and its duration are ofgreat importance for a series of decisions, which may beappropriate for a variety of activities. From the existingsimple and popular indices used for the estimation of drought,the Standardised Precipitation Index, known as SPI, seems to winuniversal applicability. A method based on the estimation of SPIover a geographical area and its use for characterising drought,is presented in this paper. Applications of the method arepresented using a digital terrain model and a simple computercalculating routine. It is shown that the proposed procedurecan be easily applied and can support a Drought Watch System foran area of mesoscale dimensions.     

大庆地区水资源可持续发展需要解决的问题

根据大庆地区的自然地理、水资源及水利工程状况，针对各种灾害情况提出相应的对策措施，以实现大庆地区水资源可持续发展。     

A lysimeter study of nitrate leaching, optimum fertilisation rate and growth responses of corn (Zea mays L.) following soil amendment with water-saving super-absorbent polymer

BACKGROUND: Nitrate leaching and the resulting groundwater contamination from intensive cereal production has become a major concern for long‐term farmland efficiency and environmental sustainability in northern China. The aim of this study was to evaluate a water‐saving super‐absorbent polymer (SAP) for minimising NO₃^? leaching from soil and optimising corn growth and yield. Thirty‐six undisturbed soil lysimeters were installed in a field lysimeter facility in drought‐affected northern China to study the growth and yield characteristics of summer corn (Zea mays L.) as well as the amount of NO₃–leaching losses under different fertiliser (standard, medium or 75% and low, or 50% of conventional fertilisation rate) and SAP (control, 0; level‐1, 15 kg ha^?1 and level‐2, 30 kg ha^?1) treatments. RESULTS: Corn yield fell by 19.7% under medium and 37.7% under low fertilisation; the application of SAP increased yield significantly by 44.4% on level‐1 and 80.3% on level‐2. Similarly, plant height, leaf area, number of grains as well as protein, soluble sugar and starch contents in the grain also increased with SAP treatment. Application of SAP at 30 kg ha^?1 plus half of conventional fertilisation can reduce maximum (64.1%) nitrate leaching losses from soil. CONCLUSIONS: Application of SAP at 30 kg ha^?1 plus only half the amount of conventional fertiliser rate (150 kg urea, and 50 kg each of superphosphate and potassium sulfate) would be a more appropriate practice both for minimising nitrate leaching and sustainable corn production under the arid and semiarid conditions of northern China. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

烟草水分胁迫研究进展

综述了烟草水分胁迫与烟株生长发育、烟株生理变化以及产、质量的关系,并展望了今后的研究方向.     

Maintaining Groundwater Supplies during Drought Conditions in the Brighton Area

The very low level of recharge to the chalk of the South Downs, which provide Brighton with its water supply, has meant that the groundwater levels are very low. Despite this, no restrictions have been necessary since February 1991. This is perhaps due to the instigation of public information campaigns, together with media coverage of the drought, as well as a successful programme of leakage control. This paper looks at how the growth of public water supply has been accommodated operationally while ensuring that groundwater quality is maintained. Options for the future expansion of supply, and their cost-effectiveness, are also considered.     

桂中治旱工程建设思路及措施

桂中区域是广西主要的粮食、蔗糖产区 ,又是主要旱区 ,解决桂中区域水利灌溉问题是广西水利工作的重点。通过对桂中区域水利工程现状、桂中治旱工程前期工作情况及近年来完成的桂中治旱工程建设成效进行论述 ,提出了新形势下的桂中治旱工程建设思路和措施     

依安县旱涝灾害初步分析

统计依安县的旱涝灾害资料 ,确定了旱涝灾害的控制指标