谈乡镇防办能力建设

阐述了加强乡镇防办能力建设的意义，根据江西省新余市乡镇防汛机构普遍存在的问题，提出相关对策．     

Drought contingency planning

Simulation gaming has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of drought management planning. The Indianapolis water supply system is used to illustrate how. First, the probability of experiencing a severe drought in Indianapolis is examined using historical streamflow data. The effects of such a drought on the municipal water supply system are then analysed using a recently developed simulation model of the Indianapolis water system. Consideration is given to the water resource decision-making problems that might arise under drought conditions, along with a discussion of the benefits of employing simulation gaming in the analysis of these problems. A basic outline for the design of a drought management simulation exercise is presented.     

供水方式对春小麦根源信号和水分利用效率的影响

用圆柱状管栽实验研究了上层供水和下层供水对春小麦根源信号和水分利用效率的影响。供试春小麦品种为陇春8139-2和高原602.处理方式为：1)整个管体内土壤含水量保持在80%～90%田间持水量(FWC)(IF)；2)土壤表面以下10cm处浇水使管内整体土壤含水量保持在50～60%FWC(IT);3)在管体长7／10处浇水使管内整体土壤含水量保持在50～60%FWC(IB).相对于IF和IT处理，苗期到分蘖期IB处理叶气孔导度显著下降，但叶水势基本不变，表明有明显的非水力根信号现象。在拔节期及以后，IB处理土壤上层根生物量比例下降，中层根生物量增加，非水力根信号消失。IB处理的水分利用效率显著高于其它处理，这意味着播种前通过水量较多的灌溉增加深层土壤水分将有利于提高水分利用效率。     

河北21世纪水利发展的思路与对策

河北是个水旱灾害频繁的省份,面临着严重资源性缺水、突发性暴雨洪水灾害和水环境恶化等难题,在２１世纪,力争用３０年的时间建成“三个体系”,实现“三个确保”,加速由工程水利向资源水利、由传统水利的现代水利的转变。     

Differential sensitivity of Desi (small‐seeded) and Kabuli (large‐seeded) chickpea genotypes to water stress during seed filling: effects on accumulation of seed reserves and yield

Water stress during the reproductive phase, especially during seed development, is considered detrimental for chickpea yield. In the present study, the relative sensitivity of Desi and Kabuli chickpea types to water stress during seed filling was assessed in terms of effects on quantitative and qualitative aspects of seed yield. Leaves of both types experienced stress injury (evaluated as electrolyte leakage) to the same extent and possessed almost similar values of water potential at the end of 14 days of water stress. The stressed plants of Kabuli type lost more chlorophyll and had less photosynthesis than Desi type. At maturity, Desi type showed more diminution of vegetative dry matter due to stress over control than Kabuli type. On the other hand, Kabuli type showed a proportionally greater reduction in seed weight per plant, average seed weight, average seed size, number of pods (single‐ and double‐seeded) and harvest index. The stressed seeds of Kabuli type showed 48 and 46% reduction over control in starch and protein content compared with 25 and 40%, respectively in Desi type. The accumulation of soluble sugars was relatively greater due to stress in Kabuli (47%) than Desi type (23%). Fat and fiber content declined by 39 and 35% over control in Desi seeds because of stress whereas Kabuli type showed 46 and 67% decreases, respectively. Protein fractions, namely albumins, globulins, glutelins and prolamins, decreased in stressed seeds of Kabuli by 32, 40, 16 and 15% over control relative to 40, 48, 30 and 28%, respectively, in Kabuli type. The activities of sucrose synthase, invertase and soluble starch synthase were inhibited to a higher extent in Kabuli seeds than Desi seeds under stress. Kabuli seeds showed significantly more reduction in the accumulation of amino acids such as phenylalanine + tyrosine, tryptophan, valine, alanine and histidine and minerals (Ca, P, Fe) due to stress compared with Desi type. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

重庆市旱情分析预警策略研究

在重庆市中小河流水文监测项目的预警预报系统中,开发了重庆市旱情分析预警系统。该系统在建立主要计算模型的基础上,采取水文实测数据,将水量供需平衡指数模型实体化,对未来旱情发展趋势提出预警。该子系统经过一个汛期的试运行,对水量供需平衡指数模型进行了初步验证。     

旱灾风险管理的研究进展

中国作为旱灾频发的发展中国家,加强旱灾管理是政府工作的重要任务。立足于旱灾风险管理机制,分析国内具有代表性省份的抗旱措施。从法律体系、组织体系、指挥体系、装备保障体系和工作体系五个方面探析旱灾风险管理的作用、基本路径和方法。比较旱灾危机管理和旱灾风险管理的优劣,努力推进旱灾风险管理的工作研究,探索抗旱减灾多部门协调、全社会联动的新格局。     

本溪地区旱涝特征分析

该研究旨在分析本溪地区旱涝灾害各因素的发生发展规律、特点,对今后一段时间旱涝灾害发生的可能性进行预测。并根据本溪地区降水量年际变化较大、会发生旱涝灾害的实际情况,将深入分析旱涝特征,为本溪地区旱涝预测提出科学合理的理论依据。     

南盘江流域水文干旱对气象干旱的响应特征研究

选取南盘江流域3个站点40年(1970年-2009年)的逐月径流资料和20个站点同期逐月降水资料,计算标准化径流指数(SSFI)和不同时间尺度的标准化降水指数(SPI),从中选取水文干旱样本和同期的SPI进行统计分析,研究水文干旱对气象干旱的响应特征。结果表明:南盘江流域SSFI对SPI具有良好的响应关系;SSFI对SPI的响应关系随时间尺度的不同相关性不同;总体来看,流域内水文干旱对气象干旱的响应时间约为6个月。     

Harnessing the sun for an evergreen revolution: a study of solar-powered irrigation in Bihar,India

In 2012, the government of Bihar revived 34 non-functioning public tubewells using solar panels. The performance of 16 of these wells over 12 months was tracked and analyzed using data from tubewell operators and 240 farmers. Access to affordable irrigation from solar pumps led to a 9–10% increase in productivity of rice and wheat. Furthermore, in a severe drought, farmers could grow paddy in the entire area irrigated by solar pumps, when nearly 40% of other land was left fallow. Solar pumps can help increase crop productivity, reduce the cost of irrigation, and make agriculture more resilient to climate change.