干湿联合冷却塔消雾节水特性的耦合研究

随着节水、减排、环保等问题的日益严峻,消雾节水型冷却塔逐渐受重视。针对消雾节水型干湿联合冷却塔,建立其传热传质过程气水参数变化的理论计算模型,根据其出塔空气与环境空气掺混过程参数变化,计算分析其成雾特性、蒸发水量,并结合文献数据验证了计算模型的正确性。对标干湿联合冷却塔消雾验收测试的典型规程,通过出塔空气干湿球温度曲线、最大相对湿度曲线、成雾频率曲线和塔雾指数等,结合某干湿联合冷却塔实测数据,分析了干区进水比例对消雾特性、节水特性、冷却特性的影响。对所研究工况,百叶窗全开时干区进水比例越高,干湿联合冷却塔的消雾节水性能及冷却性能越好,为干湿联合冷却塔的设计优化和运行优化提供了参考和指导。     

Microstructures of worn surface and wear debris of as-cast Al-17Si-xLa alloys under unlubricated conditions

1　INTRODUCTIONAl Sialloyshavebeenwidelyusedasthetribo logicalcomponentsininternalcombustionenginesfortheirhighresistancetowearandseizure ,andhighspecificstrength .Therefore ,thewearbehaviorsofAl Sialloysagainstvariouscounterfaces (typicallyacastironcounterface)havebeeninvestigatedexten sively[16 ] .Themutualtransferofmaterialbetweentwoslidingcounterfacesisinvariablyinvolvedinawearprocess ,especiallyunderdryorunlubricatedconditions ,leadingtotheformationofamechanicallymixedlayerattheworn…     

炭素黄料对电解铝生产的影响及对策

从净化效果看,干法净化吸附技术是炭素焙烧烟气净化效果很好的技术,但炭素黄料对电解生产存在一定的影响,本文从分厂实际出发,探讨了炭素黄料对电解铝生产的影响及对策。     

Machining characteristics and fracture morphologies in a copper-beryllium (Cu-2Be) alloy

The technology of materials removal is improved greatly by the introduction of advanced cutting tools like cubic boron nitride, ceramics, polycrystalline diamond and the more recent whisker-reinforced materials. In this paper, the influence of cutting temperature on machinability, mechanical properties, microstructure, and fracture morphology of Cu-2Be alloy using a polycrystalline diamond cutter is investigated. The information on machining, microstructure, and fracture morphology of Cu-2Be alloy are very useful to understand their fabrication characteristics and the basic mechanisms of its deformation and fracture. The machinability (in terms of surface finish) of Cu-2Be alloy is evaluated as a function of cutting temperature, resulting from wet and dry cutting. Machining is carried out on a Hardinge Cobra 42 CNC machine (Hardinge Inc., Elmira, NY), and the machining parameters used—cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate—are kept constant during both wet and dry cutting. The machined surface finish on Cu-2Be alloy is measured using a surface finish analyzer (Surftest 401, series 178) technique. The machined specimens are examined for their strength and hardness properties using a standard Universal Testing Machine and Rockwell hardness tester, respectively. Wet cutting (using coolants) produced a smooth surface finish when compared with dry cutting of the Cu-2Be alloy. The machined specimens are examined for their microstructural features using a Nikon optical microscope. The specimens are etched using a suitable etchant solution for revealing such microstructure constituents as grain size, phase proportions, and the possible overheated areas (especially in dry cutting). The fractured surfaces from the tensile and impact toughness tests are investigated for their fracture morphologies (dry and wet cutting) using a microprocessor-controlled scanning electron microscope (Jeol Model JSM 5910 LV). A detailed analysis is also made to understand and interpret the basic fracture mechanisms responsible for crack initiation and crack propagation. The Cu-2Be alloy showed relatively higher mechanical properties in wet cutting in comparison to dry cutting operations. Fracture studies demonstrated intergranular and ductile fractures as dominant modes of fracture mechanisms in Cu-2Be alloy.     

Ti-6Al-4V合金在真空中的干滑动磨损行为

在真空(10^-^5Pa)条件下对Ti-6Al-4V合金进行了系统的磨损性能测试，研究了载荷和滑动速度对Ti-6Al-4V合金磨损率的影响．对Ti-6Al-4V合金的磨损表面进行了显微组织分析．实验结果表明，Ti-6Al-4V合金的磨损率随载荷和滑动速度的升高而增加．磨损表面具有层状结构的舌状形貌特征，分析表明这是Ti-6Al-4V合金表面通过接触点处材料的被推挤和碾压过程形成了特殊的变形堆砌层的结果．显微组织分析显示，这种变形堆砌层具有50—100nm尺寸的细小显微组织结构和50mm以上的厚度．     

Agro-ecosystem modeling can aid in the optimization of biomass feedstock supply

Recent European Directives promoted the development of biofuels, requesting mandatory limits to their emissions ot greenhouse gases (GHG). Second-generation biofuels based on lignocellulosic biomass are prime candidates but their GHG emissions are variable and uncertain. Agro-ecosystem modeling can capture them and the performance of biofuel feedstocks.This study aimed at optimizing feedstock supply for a bioethanol unit in France, from agricultural residues, annual and perennial crops. Their productivity and environmental impacts were modelled on a regional scale using geo-referenced data on soil properties, crop management, land-use and future weather data. Several supply scenarios were tested. Cereal straw was the most efficient feedstock but had a low availability, and only miscanthus could meet the bioethanol plant's demand. Sorghum combined poor yields and high GHG emissions compared by miscanthus and triticale. A mix of three biomass sources used less than 3% of the regional agricultural land while abating GHG emissions by 60%.     

新疆极端降水事件时空变化特征研究

基于新疆1960—2011年的日降水量数据,选取持续干燥指数、持续湿润指数、年总降水量、强降水天数、强降水量、1 d最大降水量、5 d最大降水量和普通日降水强度8个极端降水指标,采用线性倾向率、Mann-Kendall突变检验及主成分分析法研究新疆极端降水的时空分布特征及演变趋势。结果表明:时间变化上,新疆极端降水的持续湿润指数均呈上升趋势,持续干燥指数呈下降趋势,表明新疆降水量总体呈增加趋势;空间变化上,南疆、北疆极端降水指标的年际变化表现出明显差异,北疆湿润指数大、年际变化率大,南疆湿润指数小、年际变化率小;极端降水指标基本上在1986年、1987年发生突变,各指标突变前后的变化率存在明显差异;时间上的主成分分析表明降水量整体增加,干燥程度下降;空间上的主成分分析表明,北疆降水量多于南疆,南疆较北疆干旱。     

近60年来我国主要江河枯季径流变化及趋势分析

以我国主要江河的枯季径流系列为研究对象,分析了我国主要江河1950～2008年枯季径流系列变化过程,对比分析了1980年前后两段时期枯季径流的变化,揭示我国主要江河近60年来水文情势变化及趋势,反映枯季径流对全球气候变化的响应.     

三峡水库蓄水期城陵矶与长沙站水位关系分析

为了解三峡水库蓄水期间城陵矶与长沙水位的关系,通过建立洞庭湖城陵矶站不同水位与湘江长沙站水位流量相关关系,分析城陵矶站对长沙水位的影响.根据MIKE11水动力学模型,分析计算枯水期长江干流宜昌站、湘江湘潭站不同来水条件下城陵矶、长沙水位及其相关关系,进而分析了三峡水库蓄水期不同因素对长沙站水位的影响情况,认为在2008...     

大型预制构件水下高精度安装施工控制技术

介绍了某船台滑道工程采用钢护筒干法施工水下桩帽,利用导杆法精确控制水下滑道“井”字形轨道梁安装位置的具体做法及相关体会.