The synthesis of nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolite by dry gel conversion method and investigating the effects of experimental parameters by Taguchi experimental design

In this study ZSM-5 Nano particles with high crystallinity were synthesized using a dry gel conversion technique. An L9 orthogonal array of the Taguchi method was applied to investigate the effect of synthesis parameters, such as crystallization time, gel drying temperature, molar composition of template (TPAOH) and water content in the crystallization stage on crystallinity and particle size of the ZSM-5 catalyst. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Beside short crystallization time, the particle sizes were considerably smaller in comparison with those prepared using the hydrothermal method. The results showed that the particle size and crystallinity increased with increasing water content and crystallization time. The effects of gel drying temperature and molar composition of template were found to be more complex, however. Comparing to hydrothermal method, ZSM-5 samples synthesized with the dry gel conversion exhibited higher selectivity to gasoline than other hydrocarbons.     

水浇地与旱地分类的研究进展

水浇地和旱地的分类研究对于粮食安全、估算农业灌溉需水量以及完善耕地二级类型的分类有着重要的作用。本文从水浇地和旱地分类的意义、分类方法以及分类应用的现状三方面,对国内外水浇地和旱地的分类研究进展及其特点进行了归纳总结,得出了三点结论:(1)参与水浇地和旱地分类的数据源主要为中低分辨率的时间序列植被指数产品以及一些辅助信息;(2)水浇地和旱地的分类特征主要为时间序列的植被指数以及一些辅助特征;(3)水浇地和旱地的分类方法主要为数字化、非监督分类和监督分类。同时指出,丰富水浇地和旱地的分类特征、引入智能型分类方法以及探索生态环境背景在水浇地和旱地分类中的应用将成为未来水浇地和旱地分类研究的重要内容。     

表面四电极含金属芯压电纤维的冲击振动传感特性研究

模仿昆虫毛发感受器的结构和功能,设计制备了一种能测量外部振动的表面四电极含金属芯压电纤维(FMPF)冲击振动传感器.采用干压成型法制备了含铂金芯的压电陶瓷纤维胚体,经过高温烧结、涂镀表面电极、高温极化后,制成FMPF传感器.基于压电方程和振动理论,建立了悬臂梁结构的FMPF冲击振动传感器的理论模型,分析了传感信号与冲击振动角度和幅值的关系.把FMPF固定在基体上,搭建了实验系统,测试了FMPF对冲击振动的响应,验证了理论模型.结果表明,FMPF的传感信号和冲击振动的幅值成线性关系,和方向成"8"字形关系.得出了FMPF传感器能够测量冲击振动幅值和方向的结论.     

A CLIMATE‐BASED INDEX OF HISTORIC SPAWNING‐STREAM HYDROLOGY

Reproductive success of stream‐spawning Oncorhynchus fishes (Pacific salmon, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout and their allies) may be greatly affected by stream discharge or its covariate, stream temperature, during the spawning season. Because such data for the physical environment may not have been routinely collected as part of previous investigations of these fishes, identification of simple but robust indices of historic, seasonal stream discharge and temperature, using long‐term climate data sets, would be important, especially to investigations of historic population dynamics. This study examined statistical associations among several climate variables and the spawning‐season (approximately June) discharges and temperatures of Clear Creek, a Yellowstone Lake tributary used by spawning Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (YCT), from the lake. Correlation analysis showed that total water‐year degree‐days (calculated on the basis of mean daily air temperature > 0°C) at Lake Village, on the lake's north shore, was a robust index (both negative and positive, respectively) of consecutive, total semi‐month metrics of creek discharge and temperature during the YCT spawning season. This study (and subsequent use of the Lake Village degree days metric as an environmental variable in a dynamic, age‐structured model of the lacustrine–adfluvial YCT population of Clear Creek) showed how exploratory analyses of the fragmentary but long‐term and regionally unique data sets for Clear Creek discharge and temperature revealed a simple but robust index of climate variation important to understanding the historic dynamics of Clear Creek's YCT population, which is a key spawning stock of Yellowstone Lake. In addition, the extensive statistical associations among the climate variables, along with the temporal trends in two key variables, broadly showed how climate varied across the Yellowstone Lake region during the past several decades. Those observations have implications for the historic, seasonal hydrology of all Yellowstone Lake tributaries used by spawning YCT. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Friction and wear mechanism of unlubricated 304L austenitic stainless steel at room temperature

To explore wear mechanism of stainless steel used in nuclear pump,the wear properties and the worn surface characteristics of unlubricated 304L austenitic stainless steel on itself were investigated in air at room temperature.The experimental results demonstrated that the wear rate of the material decreased with the increase of the wear time.The friction coefficient fluctuated severely when the applied load was 120 N.At 120 N the wear rate was much higher than that of the applied load of 70 N.At 70 N the wear rate did not show much difference from that of 30 N.The wear mechanism was adhesive and abrasive wear under different load at the initial stage of the wear test.Then,the main wear mechanism changed with the wearing time and the applied load.     

基于分布式光纤的混凝土低温入仓监测试验及分析

高温季节浇筑混凝土时,气温和太阳辐射对已浇筑仓的表层混凝土温度影响大.采用分布式光纤对已浇筑仓混凝土受新浇筑混凝土的冷击过程进行实时在线监测,并建立有限元模型进行温度场及徐变应力场的反馈分析.分析表明,高温季节浇筑低温混凝土,在浇筑仓表面养护效果差的情况下,将导致下层混凝土表面温度在短时间内降低10℃以上.     

高含沙河流“揭河底”河段胶泥层力学性能研究

针对高含沙河流"揭河底"现象,试验分析了"揭河底"河段絮凝沉积胶泥层土样的干密度、含水量、塑性指数与其抗剪强度的关系以及胶泥层的各项力学特性,可为研究"揭河底"河段胶泥层力学强度与掀揭临界条件提供参考.     

真空高电压放电场木材干燥特性试验与研究

利用真空高电压放电场可节能、高效干燥木材,为研究不同高压脉冲形式下的干燥特性,分别对直流电压、交流电压、脉冲电压作用下的真空放电木材干燥及常规自然干燥和对流干燥进行比较试验。结果表明,通过调整电脉冲参数,使用真空放电法,能加速木材干燥过程。     

基于总成特性的转向系统模型开发

建立了一个基于转向系统总成特性的实时动力学模型,由于该模型基于阿克曼转向机构的角位移传递比、扭矩传递比、机构柔性等特性,不需要过多的硬点位置参数,因此,适用于汽车预开发阶段的建模。模型中考虑了转向系统关键部件的动力学自由度,能够反映其瞬态变化过程。将其嵌入到14自由度整车模型的仿真代码中,进行某A级车操纵稳定性工况的仿真,并将仿真结果与场地试验数据进行对比,验证了模型的有效性。     

水库汛限水位调整风险评估系统设计与开发

采用风险率增量法、可能最大风险率方法两种汛限水位调整风险评估计算模型,利用Java语言、JSP、Flex技术、Hibernate数据库访问技术、SSH系统架构、ExtJs等目前较为先进的计算机技术设计并开发了标准、通用的水库汛限水位调整风险评估系统.主要介绍了系统的体系结构、功能模块和关键技术.