热循环对TiC／W复合材料组织和性能的影响

采用真空热压法制备TiC／W复合材料,研究了电子束热循环处理对其组织性能的影响。结果表明,电子束热循环处理对TiC／W复合材料试样表面造成了明显的损伤,试样局部表面熔化严重,冷却后呈波纹状。经热循环处理后TiC／W复合材料的微观结构发生了明显的变化：晶内位错密度增大,晶界处形成位错塞积群。此外,热循环处理导致TiC／W复合材料的抗弯强度下降,使试样表面以下200μm深度内显微硬度提高。     

真空热循环对环氧结构胶粘剂拉伸剪切性能的影响

本文利用空间环境效应地面模拟设备对环氧结构胶粘剂进行了真空热循环试验。采用MTS-810型材料试验机和扫描电子显微镜,研究了真空热循环下环氧结构胶粘剂拉伸剪切强度、延伸率和微观结构等变化规律。结果表明,随着热循环次数的增加,环氧结构胶粘剂的拉伸剪切强度呈先增强而后减弱的趋势。当热循环次数达到150次时,拉伸剪切强度达到最大值,比真空热循环前增加了16％。     

Phosphorus status and cycling in native savanna and improved pastures on an acid low-P Colombian Oxisol

On acid low-phosphorus (P) Colombian Oxisols, improved pastures with acid-soil-tolerant grass and legume varieties have increased beef production by a factor of 10 to 15 with only modest P fertilizer inputs. This indicates that the efficiency of P fertilization could be greater than is commonly expected on such strongly P-sorbing soils. To understand the effect of improved pastures on P cycling and availability, we estimated P budgets, and characterized soil P by sequential fractionation, isotopic exchange and biological activity measurements on soil samples from unfertilized native savanna, and fertilized improved grass-only (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) and grass-legume (B. decumbens + Pueraria phaseoloides, Kudzu) pastures established in 1978 on a medium-textured isohyperthermic, tropeptic haplustox. Comparison of calculated P budgets, based on inputs and exports, with total soil P contents showed that fertilization, as part of the improved pasture management, had resulted in a measurable increase of total P in the surface 0–20 cm soil layer of nearly 30 mg kg^-1 or about 20% over the savanna level. Sequential soil P fractionation of different seasonal samplings indicated that grass-legume maintained higher organic and available inorganic P levels with less temporal variation than the two other types. The linkage of organic P and available P was also reflected in soil biological activity. Estimates of P in microbial biomass and phosphatase activity were significantly higher in grass-legume than grass-only and savanna. The improvement in soil P availability, as measured by solution P concentration, P sorption and exchangeable P, was much greater in grass-legume than in grass-only. With comparable fertilizer inputs and greater product exports, improved P availability in grass-legume cannot be due to differences in budgets but can be attributed to changes in the overall biological activity in the soil-plant system caused by the presence of legumes in the vegetation cover. Total C, organic P content and macrofaunal activity were all significantly higher in grass-legume soils. Greater turnover of organic litter in grass-legume may provide for steadier organic P inputs and, therefore, higher P cycling and availability.     

低温循环过程中SiCw／6061Al复合材料残余应力的变化规律

研究了低温循环过程中压铸态ＳｉＣｗ／６０６１Ａｌ复合材料残余应力的变化零乱低温循环的降温阶段,复合材料基体经历错配拉伸塑性变形过程在升温阶段基体国卸载过程。经过一次低温循环后,残余应力有所降低。如果进行两次低循环自理只有当第二次循环下降温度低于第一次时,才能再次降低复合材料残余应力。     

给水加氧处理法在200 MW调峰机组上的应用研究

介绍了将给水加氧处理法(CWT)用于200MW直流炉调峰机组的给水处理中所取得的经验和成果。通过给水处理条件优选试验,确定了适合该机组的水质控制参数,解决了该机组的给水在全挥发处理(AVT)时存在的铁溶出率高等诸多问题。同时对CWT和AVT给水处理条件下的水冷壁管等进行割管和X 射线衍射分析以及扫描电镜分析,验证了采用CWT后的实际效果。     

汽轮机调峰运行时蒸汽初压的优化确定

分析汽轮机组在调峰运行时,如果采用滑压调节方式,其发电量主要是蒸汽初压和循环水进口温度的函数,提出以机组实施供电功率与计划调度负荷之差最小,作为优化确定蒸汽初压的目标函数,并对国产200MW汽轮机组进行了具体优化计划,得到的计算结果有助于指导运行人员的经济运行,并可作为电厂能耗分析的基准值。表5参3。     

浸渍树脂干湿交变试验

随着FRP加固结构的广泛应用,其耐久性问题也日益突出并受到关注。浸渍树脂作为复合材料的原料之一及FRP与结构的粘结材料,其耐久性直接影响FRP加固结构的效果。干湿交变作用是影响树脂耐久性的因素之一。对两种树脂进行干湿交变试验研究,考察浸渍树脂的力学性能随老化时间的变化特性,并对试验结果从宏观角度进行分析。结果表明,两种树脂在同样的干湿交变环境条件下老化,其力学性能随老化时间的变化趋势不同。     

电连接器热循环加速试验与失效分析研究

空间技术的迅猛发展对电连接器可靠性提出了更高的要求,主要研究温度循环条件下电连接器的可靠性问题。结合加速寿命试验理论,设计了一种电连接器热循环加速试验方案并进行了试验。在试验中,试品接触件的接触电阻值随循环次数的增加而缓慢增长,利用灰色模型预测出了试品的热循环寿命。此外,对试验后试品插孔的分析发现：插孔的晶粒尺寸增大且不均匀,亚结构的碎化程度、位错密度及有序的β′相均有增加。由此可知,连接器插孔中微观结构的变化是引发其综合力学性能下降,插孔出现应力松弛现象,而导致接触可靠性逐步蜕化的根本原因。     

vf-BGA封装焊球热疲劳可靠性的研究

采用有限元分析方法对 vf- BGA焊球的热疲劳特性进行了模拟 .通过扫描电镜 (SEM)对温度循环试验后焊球金属间化合物 (IMC)层和剪切强度试验后的断裂面进行了形貌、结构和组分的观察及分析 .实验和模拟结果表明 :热疲劳负载下焊球的剪切疲劳强度 ,受到焊球塑性应变能量的积累和分布以及金属间化合物层的厚度和微结构变化导致的界面脆性等因素的影响 .使用 Darveaux能量疲劳模型的裂纹初始化寿命预测结果与实验数据一致     

深层致密砂岩气藏干湿交替诱发气井出砂实验模拟

塔里木盆地库车坳陷深层致密砂岩气藏天然裂缝发育,处于高温高压和高地应力的封闭环境,地层水矿化度高,局部存在超低含水饱和度特征,部分气井生产中经常伴随不同程度的出砂现象,严重干扰气井正常生产.选用库车坳陷某深层致密砂岩气藏岩样,实验模拟含水饱和度升降的干湿交替过程,监测岩石动态力学参数及应力敏感系数变化.结果 表明,干湿...