应用于安全计算机的双口RAM数据通信方法

轨道交通行业中的三取二安全计算机,使用双口RAM进行数据通信,不仅要考虑数据访问冲突、通信速度,还必须考虑数据的正确性和可靠性。针对这些要求,提出了一种基于角色轮换和自检技术的双口RAM数据通信方法,能够高效、安全地完成双口RAM流水线作业。实际项目应用结果显示,该方法可以避免数据访问冲突,提高数据通信速度,并保证数据的安全正确性。     

硫酸盐环境混凝土动弹性模量及微观研究

针对西部重盐渍土地区混凝土的耐久性问题,以内掺复合掺合料制成的高性能细石混凝土和普通硅酸盐水泥以及抗硫酸盐水泥制成的高性能细石混凝土作为研究对象,在硫酸钠溶液中进行干湿循环后,通过对动弹性模量的测量以及对混凝土SEM形貌分析,结果表明,在干湿交替的恶劣环境中,抗硫酸盐水泥混凝土的抗侵蚀性能并不比普通水泥混凝土好;掺加复合掺和料的高性能细石混凝土对硫酸盐侵蚀有较好的抵抗性能;掺加矿物掺合料能够与混凝土内部的不利成分Ca(OH)2发生二次水化反应,生成有利的C-S-H凝胶,有效改善混凝土的微观结构;并给出了在盐渍土地区拌制混凝土的建议.     

硫酸盐和干湿循环作用下玄武岩纤维混凝土劣化规律

盐湖、盐渍土地区水位变幅区的混凝土材料劣化问题突出。该文开展不同质量浓度硫酸盐溶液干湿循环侵蚀作用下玄武岩纤维混凝土侵蚀试验、材料力学试验和微观测试,测试分析混凝土试件抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、质量变化、相对动弹性模量等参数的演变规律,揭示不同浸泡浓度及龄期下玄武岩纤维混凝土的劣化机制;结合混凝土试件侵蚀后的表观形态和细观结构特征,研究不同侵蚀周期下掺玄武岩纤维混凝土的细观结构演变机理。结果表明:掺入长度6mm玄武岩纤维的混凝土抗压及劈裂抗拉强度增强效果优于长度12mm纤维;硫酸盐和干湿循环侵蚀作用下玄武岩纤维混凝土劣化规律受硫酸盐溶液浓度、干湿循环次数和纤维掺量3个因素协同作用影响,干湿循环作用下硫酸盐侵蚀产物主要为石膏型侵蚀和钙矾石型侵蚀。掺玄武岩纤维混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀能力明显优于于素混凝土。     

干湿交替环境下混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀的试验研究

针对干湿交替和盐浸双重作用环境下混凝土工程的耐久性研究,考察了混凝土干湿循环及硫酸盐腐蚀的双重影响,结合工程环境,采用对比试验的方式对普通混凝土在两种状态下的损伤变化进行比较,分析了各自损伤机理,对实际工程维护有一定的参考价值.     

Simulation of residual stress in thick thermal barrier coating (TTBC) during thermal shock: A response surface-finite element modeling

The current study demonstrates a well-designed response surface methodology (RSM), based on the generated dataset of finite element method (FEM) to establish an integrated model for simulation of residual stress distribution in a thick thermal barrier coating (TTBC). In this study, typical TTBCs were applied on Hastelloy X Nickel-based superalloy using air plasma spray technique followed by thermal cycling. The recorded stress data of Raman spectroscopy was employed to verify the proposed FEM model. A relatively good agreement was obtained between predicted residual stresses and measured ones. Verified FEM model was used to carry out the parametric studies to evaluate the effects of such various parameters as interface amplitude, wavelength, thermally grown oxide thickness and preheating temperature on the stress distribution in the TTBC during the thermal cycling. The computed data were subsequently used for the development of RSM model. In conclusion, experimentally verified numerical data was used to construct a statistical model based on RSM and successfully used to predict the residual stress distribution field in TTBC during thermal cycling. The obtained results of hybrid FEM- RSM model were in acceptable conformity with Raman spectroscopy measurements.     

Sintering behavior of columnar thermal barrier coatings deposited by axial suspension plasma spraying (SPS)

During the last decade, Suspension Plasma Spraying (SPS) attracted a lot of interest as an alternative process to produce columnar Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs). In this study, columnar TBCs were deposited with SPS. After spraying, samples were isothermally annealed at 1373 K for 1 h, 3 h, 10 h and 50 h, respectively. Microstructures and mechanical properties of the ceramic coatings were investigated as a function of annealing time. Annealing resulted in healing of micro-cracks, coarsening of pores, growth of domain size, companied with a decrease of porosity within columns. The change of coating microstructure led to change of mechanical properties. In addition, residual stress in SPS coatings was also investigated. Furthermore, as-sprayed coatings and pre-annealed coatings were subjected to burner rig tests. Short time pre-annealing allowed to enhance thermal cycling lifetime of such SPS coatings. The thermal cycling results were related to microstructure modifications of coatings.     

An Analysis of Active Transport in Melbourne: Baseline Activity for Assessment of Low Carbon Mobility Interventions

This paper analyses current active transport usage in a car-dependent metropolis using household travel survey data. A major conclusion emerges: most people and households did not undertake any reportable active transport usage, despite increasing policy support, education and promotion encouraging uptake. Less than a quarter of the population recorded travel on foot and just over 2% by bicycle, although there are differences by gender and age. There are important implications for policy development and urban design interventions aimed at encouraging greater use of the active modes. This research shows we still have some way to go to achieve the levels of active transport uptake necessary for the creation of environmentally sustainable and healthy communities.     

Effect of thermal cycling on durability of a solid oxide fuel cell stack with external manifold structure

A 5-cell stack with external manifold is thermal cycled between room temperature and 750 °C fifteen times. The electric performances after each cycle are measured and compared. The stack has an initial peak output of 328.44 W and shows excellent stability in thermal cycling. The average operating voltage degradation rate is only 0.8% corresponding each thermal cycle. A cell from the stack is randomly chosen for electrochemical evaluation. Its performance is found to be comparable to a cell which is not thermal cycled. Post-test examination shows deterioration of cathode contact materials at points of contact and cracks throughout the oxide layer between corrugated and bipolar plates to be the main causes of the degradation.     

Effect of TGO evolution and element diffusion on the life span of YSZ/Pt–Al and YSZ/NiCrAlY coatings at high temperature

In this work, the growth of thermally grown oxides (TGO) on Pt–Al and NiCrAlY bond coats and the element diffusion behavior were investigated. During oxidation, TGO initiated at YSZ/Pt–Al interface developed from a α-Al₂O₃ mono-layer to a α-Al₂O₃+NiO/α-Al₂O₃ double-layer with the increase of thermal cycling temperature. While for YSZ/NiCrAlY coating, after exposed at 1100 °C for 240 h, a double-layered TGO was formed at the interface of NiCrAlY/substrate. It is composed of an upper layer of α-Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃ and NiCr₂O₄ mixture and a bottom layer of α-Al₂O₃. After the coating was thermal cycled at 1200 °C for 96 h, a triple-layered TGO was generated containing a bottom layer of α-Al₂O₃, a middle layer of Al₂O₃ and Cr₂O₃, and an upper layer of mixed α-Al₂O₃, Cr₂O₃ and NiCr₂O₄. The multi-layered structure of TGO is caused by the difference of element diffusion rate and formation energy of oxides. It facilitates the alternative accumulation and release of stress. Thus, the consequent service life of YSZ/Pt–Al coating is better than that of YSZ/NiCrAlY coating.     

On the effect of mould temperature on the orientation and packing of particles in ceramic injection moulding

Particle packing and orientation in Ceramic Injection Moulding are caused by shear rate variations along the part, which are complicated by cooling rates and depend on material properties and process parameters. This work studies particle orientation and packing for a ceramic feedstock in relation to mould temperature, with a focus on the influence from Rapid Heat Cycle Moulding (RHCM). A sample part consisting of bars having different thicknesses (0.4 mm to 6 mm) was injection moulded using first ambient mould temperature and then a rapid heating approach; subsequently, green part microstructure was analysed to detect particle orientation and packing. Results show a more uniform orientation at thick sections using RHCM, with a 15% enlargement of a core layer characterised by randomly oriented particles, as well as a higher homogeneity of powder packing between thin and thick sections. Thus, this study demonstrates that not only can RHCM be used to enhance feature replication capability, but also has the potential to improve critical microstructural properties of green components, which highly influence sintered parts quality.