微量Y对Al—Li合金的析出相和力学性能的影响

研究了Y(0.1、0.5wt-％)对Al-Li-Cu—Mg—Zr合金析出相与拉伸性能的影响结果表明:Y可使铸态合金晶粒细化:促进β′(Al_3Zr)相析出:抑制δ′(Al_3Li)相的长大速度:使S′(Al_2CuMg)相的分布均匀化.添加0.1％Y能改善合金塑性而不降低强度:添加0.5％Y可使强度提高而塑性不降低     

Main-Chain Nematic Side-Chain Smectic Composite Liquid Crystalline Elastomers

A composite liquid crystalline elastomer is designed, combining main-chain and side-chain mesogenic polymers in the network, and resulting in micro-phase separated regions of nematic and smectic ordering in the macroscopically homogeneous elastomer. A range of different fractions of the components is explored, from fully nematic main-chain system, across to fully smectic side-chain elastomer. Thermal phase transitions of both phases coexisting in the material are detected by calorimetry, and the nematic/smectic structure investigated by X-ray scattering. The tensile stress–strain data reveal the key effect of such a multi-phase composite, where the nematic fraction adds ductility while the smectic fraction increases the modulus and mechanical stiffness. Varying the composition, the authors are able to optimize the mechanical properties of this material type.     

High strength and ductility of 34CrNiMo6 steel produced by laser solid forming

Because of the excellent mechanical properties of 34CrNiMo6 steel, it is widely used in high-value components. Many conventional approaches to strengthening-steels typically involve the loss of useful ductility. In this study, 34CrNiMo6 Steel having high strength and ductility is produced by laser solid forming (LSF) with a quenching-tempering (QT) treatment. Tempering of bainite is mainly by solid phase transformation in the previous LSF layers during the LSF process. The stable microstructure of LSF consists of ferrite and fine carbides. The microstructure transfers to tempered sorbite after heat-treatment. The tensile properties of the LSF steel meet those of the wrought standard. The UTS and elongation of LSF sample at 858 MPa, 19.2%, respectively, are greater than those of the wrought. The QT treatment enhanced the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength of the LSF sample. The ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, reduction in area, and elongation of the LSF+QT sample at 980 MPa, 916 MPa, 58.9%, and 13.9%, respectively, are greater than those of the wrought standard. The yield strength of the LSF+QT sample is approximately 1.27 times that of the wrought. The LSF samples failed in a ductile fracture mode, while the LSF+QT samples showed mixed-mode failure. The defects have only a small effect on the tensile properties owing to the excellent ductility of the LSF sample.     

PEG/活性炭相变材料改性沥青

利用PEG/活性炭复合固-固相变材料对沥青进行改性,制备出相变材料改性沥青。对不同配比的相变材料改性沥青进行老化、高低温交变等处理,观察其外观,并利用电子拉力试验机和热机械分析仪(TMA)测试改性沥青的延展性、软化点等性能。研究表明,当PEG/活性炭相变材料含量为20%时相变材料改性沥青的延展性最好,相变材料含量为15%~25%时,改性沥青的软化点明显提高。     

保证混凝土框架柱延性的设计方法

框架柱是混凝土框架结构的关键构件,其延性很大程度决定了整个结构的延性水平。为探讨如何在设计中保证混凝土框架柱的延性,结合我国混凝土结构抗震设计规范,较为系统地总结了从概念设计、材料选择、确定柱的延性需求及延性水平到构造措施的完整设计方法。研究发现,缜密的概念设计、合理的柱截面尺寸及配箍对保证柱的延性至关重要。     

内嵌碳纤维板条加固混凝土梁抗弯性能试验研究

为研究内嵌碳纤维板条加固钢筋混凝土梁抗弯性能,对5根试验梁进行抗弯静载试验,对CFRP板条加固梁的破坏形态、极限承载力、刚度、荷载-应变、裂缝等进行了分析,与外贴碳纤维板条加固梁相比,内嵌板条加固梁同样可以改善混凝土梁的力学性能,且内嵌加固梁加固效果优于外贴碳纤维板条加固梁;同时对比分析了以不同黏结材料（环氧树脂、环氧砂浆、水泥砂浆）为不同加固情况对加固梁极限承载力的影响。     

化学锚栓加固植筋混凝土构件抗震性能试验

为了研究化学锚栓能否用于地震地区和受拉区混凝土构件,对化学锚栓加固植筋混凝土构件的锚固性能进行了试验。通过拟静力试验,研究了锚固构件的破坏形态、锚栓在反复荷载作用下的锚固效果和抗震性能。试验结果表明：化学锚栓的动载锚固效果良好,可以用于地震地区和受拉区混凝土构件的锚固;化学锚栓提高了构件的承载力和延性,尤其在反复荷载试验后期,在限制构件承载力下降和位移增大方面起到了重要作用;锚栓施工技术是影响构件抗震性能的重要因素。     

负弯矩作用下预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的受力性能

为了研究负弯矩作用下预应力钢-混凝土组合梁的受力性能,对3根组合梁试件进行了单调静力试验,其中包括非预应力组合梁、体内预应力组合梁和体外预应力组合梁各1根.试验结果表明:负弯矩作用下,3根试件的破坏均始于钢梁的受压屈服,在达到极限承载力时钢梁均发生了屈曲;与非预应力试件相比,体内预应力试件的开裂荷载、屈服荷载和极限荷载分别提高了120％、35.1％和18.7％;体外预应力试件的开裂荷载较非预应力试件提高了24％,但屈服荷载和极限荷载略有降低;施加体内预应力可以有效地提高组合梁的极限变形能力,但对延性不利;施加体外预应力对组合梁的延性有一定的提高作用.     

钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱轴压比限值的研究

目的研究使钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱发生延性破坏时所需要确定的轴压比限值．方法通过对钢管、钢骨的简化处理，从界限破坏出发，分析了钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱轴压比限值的组成，建立了界限破坏时的计算简图，进而推导出轴压比限值的理论计算公式．结果在确定了轴压比限值的计算公式基础上，对其进行了简化计算，根据不同的抗震等级确定了试验中3个试件的轴压比限值．结论钢管-钢骨混凝土框架柱比钢管混凝土核心柱的轴压比限制提高10％左右，其值随着钢骨含率的增加而提高．因此相比钢管混凝土核心柱，钢管-钢骨混凝土组合柱具有更好的延性．     

在用市政桥梁基于位移的抗震安全评估

介绍了在用市政桥梁结构基于位移的抗震安全评估的步骤和方法。依据国内外普遍接受的结构抗震设计理念,以墩柱顶的位移延性系数、墩柱底截面钢筋的拉应变和混凝土的压应变为参数,通过比较结构的抗震能力和地震需求,提出了在用市政桥梁结构抗震安全评估标准。用基于位移的方法和评估标准,对北京5座在用市政桥梁进行了在设防烈度地震和罕遇地震作用下的抗震安全评估,为这些桥梁是否需要抗震加固提供了依据。