海洋环境结构混凝土耐久性试验研究综述

综述了海洋环境结构混凝土暴露试验及室内加速试验的特征及现状,总结了国内外海洋环境结构混凝土耐久性试验方法,指出该领域的发展趋势是对不饱和状态、载荷与环境多因素耦合作用下的混凝土耐久性进行研究,进而探索海洋暴露试验与室内模拟环境加速试验之间的相关性,并建立结构混凝土的损伤劣化与寿命预测模型,从而利用室内模拟环境加速试验的模型预测海洋环境下结构混凝土损伤劣化规律和使用寿命。     

现代水工大体积混凝土材料研究进展

针对目前水工大体积混凝土的研究热点——温度裂缝和耐久性,总结分析了大体积混凝土材料近些年的发展趋势和特点,如外加剂、骨料和水泥等。结合部分研究成果,综合论述了各类混凝土耐久性评价指标和试验方法的优缺点,提出应从原材料和配合比设计优化入手,综合考虑多因素协同作用下大体积混凝土的耐久性,并应注意选用细度适中的中热和低热硅酸盐水泥,严控混凝土总碱含量。     

ZnO-Sb2O3-P2O5系统玻璃的制备与性能

用熔体冷却方法制备了xSb2O3-(70-x)P2O5-30ZnO(x=0~40mol)和xSb2O3-(65-x)ZnO-35P2O5(x=0~40mol)系统无铅易熔玻璃,研究了ZnO-Sb2O3-P2O系统玻璃的形成区。采用热膨胀仪和红外光谱仪等对ZnO-Sb2O3-P2O5系统玻璃的结构及性能进行了研究和分析。结果表明,在ZnOSb2O3-P2O5系统玻璃中,Sb2O3参与网络结构。随着Sb2O3含量的增加,玻璃的软化点降低,密度和化学稳定性增加。在Sb2O3摩尔分数为35%左右时,系统玻璃的结构和性能比较优异。     

Plasma-sprayed coatings as adherend surface pretreatments

As part of the National Center for Manufacturing Sciences contract on adhesive bonding of dissimilar materials, UTRC, as a sub-contractor, is evaluating environmentally acceptable surface preparation techniques for selected metals and composites. The selected processes are automatable and capable of being transferred into the manufacturing arena. One aspect of the programme is the evaluation of plasma-sprayed, microporous, thin coatings as surface pretreatments for both resin-based composites and metals. Mechanical test results are presented which demonstrate the viability of this approach to achieve acceptable joint strengths with steel, titanium and aluminium bonded to several types of resin-matrix composite. The environmental impact, by elimination of organic primer systems and strong acid etching and anodizing solutions, will be discussed.     

美国混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法评析

指出混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀破坏的本质与其暴露条件如持续浸泡、干湿交替、溶液pH值、质量分数和温度相关．在阐明混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀反应类型和侵蚀机理的基础上，分析实验室5种硫酸盐试验加速途径，评述美国现行5种硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法，指出现行硫酸盐侵蚀试验方法，在测试时间、侵蚀破坏指标、多因素分析和模拟现场侵蚀破坏的有效性方面需要改进．     

混凝土结构耐久性模糊综合评估系统中指标权值计算模型

在混凝土结构耐久性评估体系中,表征耐久性失效的指标权值的确定是一个非常重要的环节.针对现有方法主观性过强的缺陷,在混凝土结构耐久性模糊综合评估体系的基础上,根据熵的概念,在耐久性等级划分标准已知的前提下,充分挖掘实测数据中的信息,提出了一种确定指标权值的新方法.该方法物理含义明确,符合人们的基本认知,更全面、客观地反映了指标的固有信息,计算上简单可行,算例结论验证了方法的正确性.是对模糊综合评估体系的完善和补充,并可推广到其他领域的评估中.     

A Damage Model of Concrete under Freeze-Thaw Cycles

1　IntroductionPhenomenaindifferentdurabilitydegradationpro cessesofconcretearealmostsimilar:theinnerstructuresofconcreteloosening ,theflawsenlargingandcracksopen ingandaccumulating[1] .Thesearesimilartofailurephe nomenaofconcreteunderloads .Therefore ,thedurabilitydegradationprocessofconcretecouldbedescribedwithsomemechanicalmethods .Ifamechanicalmodelissetup ,theconcretedurability ,andthenthedurabilitydegra dationprocesscouldbequantitativelyinvestigatedusingmodel’sparameters .Thefrostdurab…     

Finite Element Analysis for the Structure Optimization Design of the CPUE Load－Bearing Wheel of Tracked Vehicle

A new kind of material cast polyurethane elastomers (CPUE) is introduced to take the place of rubber on load-bearing wheel for the first time. Based on load-bearing wheel dimensions, material properties and operat-ing conditions, the structure of wheel flange is optimized by zero-order finite element method. A detailed three-di-mensional finite element model of flange of load-bearing wheel is developed and utilized to optimize structure of wheel flange. Its service life, which is affected by flange structure parameter, is analyzed by comparing the opti-mization results with those of prototype of wheel. The results of optimization are presented and the stress field of loar-bearing wheel in optimal dimension obtained by using finite element analysis method is demonstrated. The fi-nite element analysis and optimization results show that the CPUE load-bearing wheel is feasible and suitable for the tracked vehicle and has a guiding value in practice of the weighting design of the whole tracked vehicle.     

碲酸盐玻璃化学稳定性的研究

利用全谱直读电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱仪(简称ICP—AES)定量分析了单碱和混合碱对碲酸盐玻璃化学稳定性的影响。实验结果表明含混合碱的玻璃系统呈现较好的化学稳定性，而且由于不同的碱金属氧化物之间的相互作用不同。找到了混合碱玻璃系统中化学稳定性较好的组分。     

Recent Advances in Disordered and Nanostructured Carbon Coatings for Superl Ubricity and Wearless Sliding

Increasingly more demanding and very stringent operating conditions envisioned for future mechanical and tribological systems will certainly require new materials and coatings that are superhard and at the same time self-lubricating.For example, dry machining is a much desired practice in manufacturing sector, but it is currently very difficult to realize mainly because of high friction and severe wear losses. However, recent advances in surface engineering and coating technologies may enable design and production of novel coatings architectures that can combine superhardness with self-lubricating properties in both the disordered or nanostructured forms. Recently developed nearly frictionless carbon films, ultrananocrystalline diamond and carbide derived carbon films can dramatically lower friction and at the same time reduce wear under very harsh sliding conditions. These coatings can be formulated in such a way that they can substantially increase the load-bearing capacity of sliding surfaces and hence improve their resistance to scuffing. It is also possible to design nano-composite coatings that can form self-replenishing and-lubricating tribofilms on their sliding surfaces and thus help increase the overall lubricity of these surfaces. In this paper, an overview of recent advances in disordered and nanostructured carbon films will be presented. Specific examples will be given to demonstrate the superior performance and durability of such novel coatings under a very wide range of tribological conditions. The major emphasis is placed on super low friction carbon films. The fundamental tribological mechanisms that control their exceptional friction and wear behaviors are also discussed.