节能减排的颜料印染与助剂(一)

颜料印染对当前印染行业节能减排,降低能耗很有意义,但要做到对纤维没有亲和力的颜料印染,必需制备润湿性、分散性良好的超细颜料粒子。重点阐述利用各种表面活性剂和助剂制备出一种包覆阴离子的超细粒子的稳定分散液,包括各种润湿剂、分散剂、黏合剂和纤维阳离子改性剂,还概述了相关基础理论。     

丙烯酸聚氨酯染砂涂料的研制

采用丙烯酸树脂和脂肪族异氰酸酯制备了双组分丙烯酸聚氨酯染砂涂料。讨论了主漆和固化剂的配比对漆膜性能的影响。选择二氧化钛为白色颜料配合常规助剂,分析了表面助剂对涂料的润湿效果,以及附着力促进剂对涂层性能的影响。结果表明:n(—NCO)/n(—OH)最佳配比为1.05∶1.00,表面助剂BYK-333最佳添加量为0.6%,附着力促进剂选择0.32%的OFS-6040。所得染砂涂料膜层的铅笔硬度为3H,柔韧性为1 mm,附着力0级,具有优异的耐化学品性、耐候性和颜色稳定性。     

粘土、活性炭、二氧化钛复合陶瓷球对染料废水的降解

将具有高吸附特性的活性炭和易加工成型的粘土作为TiO2光催化剂的载体,分别制成粘土／AC、粘土／TiO2、粘土／TiO2／AC复合陶瓷球,研究对酸性湖蓝A染料废水的净化效果。试验结果表明,粘土／TiO2复合陶瓷球的光催化降解率较低,而粘土／AC复合陶瓷球在多次利用后降解效率下降较大;但粘土／TiO2／AC复合陶瓷球吸附光催化降解后使染料废水变得无色透明,重复利用50次仍可使染料降解率达95％以上,并且可解决只以活性炭作为吸附剂饱和后黏度极大、难清理的问题。     

Emulation of gas‐liquid flow in packed beds for offshore floating applications using a swell simulation hexapod

A laboratory‐scale packed column was positioned on a six degree of freedom swell simulation hexapod to emulate the hydrodynamics of packed bed scrubbers/reactors onboard offshore floating systems. The bed was instrumented with wire mesh capacitance sensors to measure liquid saturation and velocity fields, flow regime transition, liquid maldistribution, and tracer radial and axial dispersion patterns while robot was subject to sinusoidal translation (sway, heave) and rotation (roll, roll + pitch, yaw) motions at different frequencies. Three metrics were defined to analyze the deviations induced by the various column motions, namely, coefficient of variation and degree of uniformity for liquid saturation fluctuating fields, and effective Péclet number. Nontilting oscillations led to frequency‐independent maldistribution while tilting motions induced swirl/zigzag secondary circulation and prompted nonuniform maldistribution oscillations that deteriorated with decreasing frequencies. Regardless of excited degree of freedom, a qualitative loss of plug‐flow character was observed compared with static vertical beds which worsened as frequencies decreased. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2354–2367, 2015     

基于物联网的印染废水监控系统设计

提出了一种基于物联网技术的监控系统,实现了对印染废水排放区域各项指标的精确控制。系统由ZigBee无线通信网络、控制中心及PC机等组成,可以实时地对被监测区域进行数据收集和处理。     

超临界二氧化碳染色技术研究进展

概述了超临界二氧化碳染色技术的染色机理,对不同染料的染色工艺条件的研究情况做了分析。阐述了染料研究和混合染料拼色研究的进展情况。对超临界二氧化碳的染色热力学和动力学性研究情况做了论述,对染料在超临界二氧化碳中的溶解度、染料在纤维与超临界CO2间的分配规律、染料在纤维中的扩散行为做了分析论述。对染色设备的国内外进展情况做了分析论述。指出了超临界二氧化碳染色技术产业化应用应解决的关键问题是增强染料的溶解和在纤维中的扩散,以及高压操作下大容积染色釜的研制。     

季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺水溶液的性质

季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺作为阳离子助剂处理棉纤维,其水溶液性质影响助剂在纤维上的处理效果。考察水溶液黏度性质和电导性质,用助剂处理后纤维的无盐染色效果进行证明。结果表明：分子量低的季铵型阳离子聚丙烯酰胺在水溶液中比浓黏度较小,用其处理纤维有利于助剂在纤维上分布均匀,染色纤维匀染性好;阳离子化度高的助剂在水溶液中电离能力较强,处理后纤维所带正电荷数量增加,染色纤维色深K/S值增大。     

COD/SO42-对含硫酸盐印染废水厌氧处理的影响

利用复合式厌氧折流板反应器(HABR),以某生产全棉机织布的印染厂含硫酸盐印染废水作为原水,在温度为30～40℃,水力停留时间HRT=24 h条件下,研究了m(COD)∶m(SO42-)变化对HABR处理效能的影响。结果表明m(COD)∶m(SO42-)>3时,系统运行状况良好,COD、硫酸盐去除率均较高;当m(COD)∶m(SO42-)≤3时,系统运行效果较差。     

大豆/PTT微胶囊分散染料/活性染料一浴一步法染色

探讨了纯碱和氯化钠用量、染料浓度对微胶囊分散蓝2BLN/活性染料(活性蓝KN-R、活性深蓝B-2GLN和活性蓝K-3RL)一浴法染色大豆/PTT混纺织物表观色深K/S值的影响,测定了不同染色工艺对染色织物牢度的影响.结果表明:当染料总用量为2％(o.w.f.),纯碱用量1g/L,氯化钠用量20 g/L,95℃条件下保温30分钟时,可使大豆/PTT混纺织物获得较高的表观色深.     

二维双支腿流化床内气体混合特性

Experiments of gas mixing between two half-beds were performed in a dual-leg circulating fluidized bed(DL-CFB)240 mm in width,40 mm in depth and 2000 mm in height by using glass beads with diameter of 0.25-0.28 mm as bed material.SO₂ and CO as the gas tracers entering the left and right distributors separately were used to simulate the gas mixing between the two legs.MSD(mean square displacement)model was adopted to calculate the gas dispersion coefficient(D_w)which was used to investigate the effect of fluidization velocity and bed material inventory on gas mixing in the DL-CFB.The experimental results showed that D_w was about 50-300 cm²穝^-1 at different fluidization velocities and bed material inventories.A higher fluidization velocity benefited particles exchange between two half-beds,which intensified the gas-solids interactions at the region with higher solids volume fraction.The gas mixing in the lower region of the DL-CFB was stronger than that in the upper region of the bed.A higher bed inventory was helpful to gas mixing at a lower fluidization velocity,while a higher fluidization velocity weakened gas mixing because of higher solids concentration in the center of the bed that prevented gas mixing.