FISH ASSEMBLAGES IN NON‐REGULATED AND REGULATED RIVERS FROM PERMANENT AND TEMPORARY IBERIAN SYSTEMS

The effects of river regulation on the hydrological cycle of a river and on the respective fish assemblage may differ according to dam operation purpose and type of river analysed. To assess the spatial and temporal variation of fish assemblages and their response to the hydrological changes caused by two different types of flow regulation, we selected three sampling sites in four rivers with different levels of regulation, two in a permanent river system and another two on a temporary one, which we sampled in four different annual seasons. In the permanent system, hydroelectrical regulation decreased hydrological variability, which affected fluvial specialist species, benefitting the generalist ones, and created a more homogeneous community that presented less intra‐annual variation. In the temporary system, agricultural regulation caused an inversion of the hydrological cycle, maintaining a moderate flow volume throughout the drought period that benefited the introduced, generalist and more tolerant species. Monthly volume was recognized, in a temporal scale, as the most important hydrological feature for assemblages’ structure, predicting the intra‐annual variation of several ecological guilds. This study provides important considerations for dam management and riverine ecosystems conservation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小型水库大坝安全分类初步分析

结合小型水库,对国内外的大坝安全分类进行了初步分析。认为按库容划分小型水库的标准单一,三类坝的安全分类难以反映小型水库的大坝风险,建议对大坝安全进行风险分类。     

Impact of sedimentation on groundwater recharge at Sahalanowt Dam,Salalah, Oman

Recharge dams in Oman detain floods to recharge groundwater. The impact of sedimentation on recharge at Wadi Sahalanowt Recharge Dam, in Salalah, Oman, was evaluated using field data and numerical modelling. Analysis of the thickness of sediments after flood events shows that maximum depositions were at the same locations after each event, coinciding with the lowest positions in the wadi. Numerical modelling suggests that the current practice of periodic removal of sediments will restore the storage capacity of the reservoir, but that ploughing or raking of the underlying native sedimentary rocks could be required to significantly improve infiltration rates.     

基于模拟-优化的重污染河流闸坝群防污调控研究

针对重污染河流频发的水污染事件,以淮河流域重污染河流沙颍河上的闸坝群为研究对象,基于MIKE11软件的HD和AD模块,构建了多闸坝河流的一维水动力-水质模型。在此基础上,建立了闸坝群防污调控优化模型。采用多目标遗传算法和模糊优选相结合的方法对模型求解,得到重污染河流闸坝群优化调控方案。在沙颍河的应用计算结果表明,所建立的模型能够有效地适用于淮河流域所开展的多闸坝水质水量联合调度,可为重污染河流开展闸坝模拟与防污调控研究提供技术支撑。     

土石坝动力分析中的阻尼模型研究

阻尼模型对土石坝动力计算结果有着很重要的影响,各种响应都是阻尼的函数,能否正确估计阻尼,直接影响到结构动力分析结果的可靠性。目前在工程实际应用中,阻尼系数大多只考虑土石坝的自振特性。通过分析表明,地震波频率特性对土石坝地震响应有着重要的影响,尤其对高土石坝影响更大。通过探讨几种考虑地震动频率特性的现有的阻尼模型,为土石坝动力计算中阻尼模型的选取提出建议。     

粒子群算法和ADINA在土石坝参数反演中的联合应用

针对土石坝的反馈分析问题,采用Fortran语言编程,实现了粒子群优化算法与商业有限元软件ADINA之间的无缝连接,使整个计算过程自动化;应用OpenMP方式同时调用多个ADINA求解器,启用多核处理器进行并行计算,提高了计算效率。以糯扎渡超高心墙堆石坝为例,对粗堆石料Ⅰ区材料应用不同种群规模粒子群进行参数反分析,结果表明,将粒子群算法与ADINA联合应用于土石坝参数反演是可行的,并行算法也具有明显的优越性。     

世界已建高坝大库统计分析

为了解和掌握世界范围内的高坝大库建设情况,统计全球已建成的特大型高坝大库资料。在此基础上,根据地区、坝型和建成年代对高坝大库有关特征进行分析,总结了世界高坝大库的地区分布规律、主要坝型和历史建设趋势,得出如下结论:世界高坝大库工程主要分布于亚洲、欧洲、北美洲;高坝的坝型通常是混凝土拱坝、堆石坝和混凝土重力坝,而形成特大水库的大坝多为混凝土重力坝、堆石坝和混凝土拱坝;高坝大库工程基本上建成于1945年以后,目前世界高坝大库的建设中心已转移至中国。     

临江市青山水库除险加固工程初步设计

针对青山水库所存在的严重安全隐患,本文提出了青山水库除险加固工程初步设计方案,分别对挡水坝、溢流坝和土坝进行了相应的加固设计。同时,为提高除险加固工程后的效益,要加强水库日常管理和维护。     

不同覆盖层厚度对土石坝动力响应的影响

为研究深厚基础覆盖层上土石坝的动力稳定性问题,利用有限元弹塑性动力分析方法进行覆盖层土石坝动力响应分析,通过输入一条实测地震波,研究不同覆盖层厚度对土石坝坝体动力响应的影响规律。结果表明,不同覆盖层厚度对土石坝位移和加速度动力响应规律的影响不同,土石坝动力响应并非随覆盖层厚度的增加而逐渐增大,而是存在一个临界厚度,超过这个厚度以后,动力响应有所降低。     

基于Geo-Slope的坝坡稳定计算

土石坝的不饱和特性使得其渗流特性与匀质土坝有较大差异。以赛峪水库为研究对象,针对其土石混合坝的特性,采用Geo-Slope软件进行坝坡稳定计算。结果表明:通过参数设置和计算方法的选择,Geo-Slope软件可以控制并解决部分常规软件计算出现的浅表滑弧,得到与实际情况更为接近的滑弧。