设抗震增强体的桩基础力学特性的原位试验研究

在过去的大地震中,许多桩基础因强烈振动和地基变形而遭受结构性破坏,因而提出一种既可以应用于新建桩基础,也可以应用于现有桩基础的抗震加固方法,即采用地基加固技术在桩基础中设置抗震增强体,以与桩基础的钢筋混凝土承台形成双层抗弯结构。采用等比例模型原位水平载荷试验和振动试验以及开挖检查等方法,对抗震加固的力学特性和构建质量进行加固前后的对比研究,进而证实了该加固方法的有效性和可行性,为同类工程起到了一定的参考意义。     

Kinetics of thermal liquefaction of coal

A model is presented for the kinetic study of the thermal liquefaction of Belle Ayr subbituminous and Burning Star bituminous coals with anthracene oil, hydrogenated anthracene oil and hydrogenated phenanthrene. All experiments were performed in a continuous-feed, stirred tank reactor, at a temperature of 450 °C and a space time of approximately 5 to 55 min. A kinetic model which includes a reaction: coal + oil→more reactive coal, correlates the data reasonably well. This reaction explains the net consumption of anthracene oil during the initial stages of liquefaction. Such a reaction may account for a portion of the swelling of coal at low space times and the sizable increase of viscosity of reaction slurry during these initial stages of liquefaction. It is also observed that the yield of oil increases when solvents of increasing hydrogen donor capacity are used.     

基于NB35047-2015规范的锦屏拱坝抗震复核

能源行业标准《水电工程水工建筑物抗震设计规范》(NB35047-2015)已于2015年9月1日颁布实施。介绍了依据该规范开展的锦屏一级高拱坝抗震安全复核工作。主要内容包括:基于设定地震的场地相关设计反应谱研究;采用动力拱梁分载法、线弹性有限元法和非线性有限元法,进行设计和最大可信地震作用下的应力和坝肩岩体动力稳定分析;在选定的人工地震波基础上,采用以基岩峰值加速度在设计地震基础上比例放大的方式,进行大坝地基系统在超设计地震荷载下的地震超载能力分析。复核分析表明,锦屏一级高拱坝具有较高的抗震潜力;设计地震和最大可信地震作用下,坝体抗压强度安全满足现行抗震规范要求,且抗压强度安全有较大安全裕度,坝体拉应力基本未超过混凝土容许的应力范围,仅局部应力集中部位拉应力较大,能满足校核地震作用下"不溃坝"的设防要求。     

木材液化及其在高分子材料中的应用

木材通过液化可转化为具有反应活性的液态产物,进一步反应可以制备胶粘剂、聚氨酯材料等新型高分子材料。文章从方法、机理以及其产物在制备高分子材料等方面对木材液化的研究进展进行了评述。     

抗地震结构的服役费用函数及其建立方法

讨论了服役工程结构的经济性问题 ,包括 :抗地震结构在服役过程中为完成预定功能所需要的经济花费、这些花费同结构抗震可靠度的函数关系以及它们的建立方法。形成的服役费用函数可以作为决策结构最佳抗震设防标准的依据。     

一种基于蚁群算法的震区环境监测系统设计

针对目前震区生态恢复、环境保护监测的需要,论文提出了一种基于蚁群算法的震区监测系统,利用智能无线传感器网络对光强、温度、湿度等生态环境变量进行监测的方法.该方法解决了传统监测方法中布线复杂、精度有限、能耗高等问题,具有数据采集量大,精度高、低功耗和可靠性高等优点.     

High temperature swelling of coal/tetralin mixtures in a high pressure microdilatometer

High pressure microdilatometer experiments were performed on a subbituminous (Wyodak) and a bituminous (Illinois no. 6) coal in helium and hydrogen atmospheres with and without added tetralin. Wyodak coal samples showed no swelling but contractions ranging between 24 and 40 vol% upon heating at 20 and 100 °C min^{− 1} under helium or hydrogen pressures between 150 and 1000 psig (˜1.0–6.9 MPa). Under the same conditions, Illinois no. 6 coals displayed contractions (25–60 vol%) prior to swelling up to 117 vol%. Upon tetralin addition (at 35–190 wt% of the coal), Wyodak coal samples did not swell but showed an increasing contraction with increasing helium or hydrogen pressure due to a slight softening and fusion of the coal particles. In contrast, addition of tetralin at much lower concentrations (5–35 wt%) had a marked effect on the contraction and swelling behaviour of Illinois no. 6. A maximum swelling of 200 vol% was obtained at a tetralin addition of 30 wt%. The increased swelling results from more extensive softening and fusion of coal particles in the presence of tetralin. Both coals showed a decreasing char yield with increasing tetralin concentration. The substantially lower extent of interaction observed between Wyodak coal samples and tetralin compared to Illinois no. 6 coal can be attributed to the differences in pore structure and/or chemical constitution of the two coal samples. Examination of the resultant solids by optical microscopy revealed the microstructural changes produced by thermal treatment in dilatometer experiments.     

Liquefaction of subbituminous coals under apparently non-hydrogenative conditions

Reactivities of several coals of different ranks have been examined in degrading extractions with aromatic solvents under apparently non-hydrogenative reaction conditions. Pyrene and A240 pitch liquefied the fusible coals in high yields and the slightly-fusible coals in moderate yields, indicating the importance of fusibility in such liquefaction processes. A240-LS pitch is a powerful solvent for slightly-fusible coals. Considerable amounts of pyridine- or THF-soluble fractions were produced especially with A240-LS pitch. A240 pitch is a better solvent than pyrene for some slightly-fusible coals. However, the extent of depolymerization of liquefied coal, pyridine- or THF-solubility, was definitely inferior. Yields of such fractions are higher for lower-rank coals. The mechanism of coal liquefaction under apparently non-hydrogenative conditions is discussed with emphasis on the stabilization of thermal fragments derived from the coal.     

防止氟化铝母液脱硅工艺中铝、氟消耗方法研究

在氟化铝母液中添加氯化铝等可溶性铝盐,可有效地阻止钠,氟,铝间冰晶石固体物质的形成,从而达到防止氟化铝脱硅工艺中铝,氟的损耗,确保氟硅酸钠的产品质量,同时提高母液利用的经济效益。     

Coal liquefaction in nitrogen compounds

Model compound studies have shown that 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline is an exceptionally good coal solvent. In the pure compound, subbituminous coal conversion to THF-soluble products approaches 100% under relatively mild reaction conditions. The effectiveness of tetrahydroquinoline for coal conversion appears to be related to its concentration relative to coal. The unique behaviour of tetrahydroquinoline is ascribed to its being a highly active H-donor; the fact that it is regenerable under reaction conditions by the reaction of hydrogen and quinoline; and that its polarity allows penetration of the coal structure and aids in dispersion of the dissolved coal. It has been found that, during reaction with coal, tetrahydroquinoline and other nitrogen compounds undergo extensive condensation reactions which result in an increase in the nitrogen content of the high boiling and non-distillable liquefaction products.