非生育期春灌灌水量对土壤盐分变化的影响

通过田间小区试验,分析3个不同滴灌棉田春灌灌水量1350、1800和2250 m3/hm2对盐分变化的影响。试验表明:在相同灌水量下,宽行、窄行和膜间3个不同行距的脱盐效果,宽行最好;3个灌水量下,1800 m3/hm2的灌水量对盐分淋洗效果较好。此结果可为当地春灌提供指导,对制定灌溉制度有一定的借鉴作用。     

水对室温熔盐[Bpy]BF_4结构与性质的影响

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了298.15 K、0.1 MPa下摩尔分数为0.05~0.95的水对室温熔盐1-丁基吡啶四氟硼酸([Bpy]BF4)结构与性质的影响.获得了体系的径向分布函数、配位数和空间分布函数等微观结构及其密度、自扩散系数、电导率和粘度等物理化学性质.模拟密度与实验结果符合很好;体系中各组分间的径向分布函数和配位数均随水摩尔分数的增加有规律的变化;获得了各组分之间的三维空间分布情况;随水摩尔分数的增加,阴阳离子之间的相互作用被削弱,同时水与阴离子、阳离子及水分子之间的相互作用逐渐增强,水、阴离子和阳离子的自扩散系数增大,体系粘度降低,电导率升高.研究工作揭示了水对[Bpy]BF4中各组分的存在形式、相互作用及其对体系物理化学及输运性质的影响,为其在冶金与材料制备方面的应用提供理论依据和参考.     

优质壳聚糖/壳寡糖的制备工艺及水溶性壳寡糖Fe(Ⅲ)配合物的合成

以皮皮虾壳作基本原料,分别采用稀盐酸、稀碱溶液浸泡,除去虾壳中的钙质等无机质和蛋白等有机成分,以浓碱脱除甲壳素上的乙酰基,制得壳聚糖.再以其为原料,采用H2O2氧化降解法得到水溶性壳寡糖.将所制水溶性壳寡糖加入到氯化铁溶液中,设定各项条件,使二者进行配位反应.经系列实验证实,得出制备高脱乙酰度壳聚糖最适宜条件为:温度85℃,时间9 h,NaOH质量分数45%,料液比1∶300.所得产品脱乙酰度为89.6%,收率(壳聚糖/甲壳素)为73.1%,其他各项指标也均为优良级.制备水溶性壳寡糖最适宜条件为:温度65℃,时间6 h,醋酸质量分数4.0%,H2O2质量分数4.0%,产品平均粘均分子质量为2.9 ku,外观为淡黄色粉末,溶解性能优良.通过对FT-IR和UV谱图的分析,证实了水溶性壳寡糖Fe(Ⅲ)配合物的生成.     

Preparation of Y2O3：Eu^3＋ phosphor by molten salt assisted method

A kind of fine and quasi-spherical Y2O3：Eu^3＋ phosphor was prepared by firing a preparative precursor at 1 200 ℃ for 2 h with the molten salts of Na2CO3, S and NaCl. The precursor was obtained by homogeneous precipitation of yttrium and europium with oxalic acid when using EDTA, citric acid or starch as complexant. The structure and morphology of the phosphors were characterized by XRD and SEM, respectively. The influence of complexing environment, firing temperature and molten salts on formation of the phosphor Y2O3：Eu^3＋ was discussed. The result show that the prepared Y2O3：Eu^3＋ phosphor is of quasi-spherical structure with size of 2-3 μm. Its luminescent intensity is 30% higher than that of the same phosphor prepared by the same procedure but without molten salts, and is 5% higher than that of commercial Y2O3：Eu^3＋ red phosphor.     

Multidisciplinary approach for investigating the hot corrosion behavior of thermal barrier coatings

Herein, we propose a new multidisciplinary approach for investigating the corrosion behavior of thermal barrier coatings, combining the thermal-gradient mechanical fatigue method with hot corrosion tests. Corrosive salts (Na₂SO₄; V₂O₅) of varying concentrations (10−20 mg/cm²) were deposited on the surface of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings to evaluate the microstructural changes occurring during the reaction, via thermal graded mechanical fatigue tests. The tests were conducted at a surface temperature of 1150 °C in 10 min cycles and underwent applied uniaxial tensile loads. The corrosion tests show that the ZrV₂O₇ plays an important role as an intermediate in the collapse of the lamellar structures during the reaction, which results from the repetitive precipitation of V₂O₅ and m-ZrO₂ from the ZrV₂O₇. The microstructure of corroded YSZ coatings exhibited a different degradation mechanism under a thermomechanical environment, compared with the testing under isothermal atmospheric conditions.     

二乙二醇醚马来酸酯钙/锌热稳定剂的制备及应用研究

以马来酸酐和二乙二醇醚为原料在无催化剂条件下制得二乙二醇醚马来酸酯（MD）,此分子结构中具有酯基、醚键及碳碳双键,将此中间产物分别与乙酸钙、乙酸锌反应,制得二乙二醇醚马来酸酯钙/锌盐（MD?Ca/Zn）。通过傅里叶红外测试分析了热稳定剂产物的结构,分子中含有醚键、酯基、碳碳双键、羧酸盐结构,可作为PVC主效热稳定剂。通过刚果红法、热老化法、热失重法、电导率等检测方法,和市售硬脂酸钙/锌进行对比,验证了热稳定效果及性能,分析了热稳定机理,同时探究了与辅助热稳定剂β?二酮（硬脂酰苯甲酰甲烷）的协同作用。结果表明,当MD?Ca/Zn=2∶1（质量比,下同）时,对PVC的热稳定效果最好;初期白度可以达到40 min,静态热稳定时间为35 min;与热稳定剂总质量10 %的β?二酮复配后PVC的热稳定性能还可进一步提升。     

LiF-NaF-KF-K2 TiF6-KBF4熔体中电沉积TiB2的阴极过程

采用循环伏安法研究了700℃时46.5LiF-11.5NaF-42KF(摩尔分数,%)熔盐中Ti(Ⅳ)(c(K2TiF6)=0.2 mol/L)和B(Ⅲ)(c(KBF4)=0.4 mol/L)在铂电极上的电化学还原机理,计算了各还原步骤传递的电子数。研究了LiF-NaF-KF-K2TiF6-KBF4(c(K2TiF4)=0.3 mol/L,c(KBF4)=0.3,0.6,0.9 mol/L)熔盐中电化学合成TiB2的阴极过程机理。结果表明:Ti(Ⅳ)的电化学还原为三步电荷传递反应,且阴极过程近似可逆;B(Ⅲ)在铂电极上的电化学反应机理为简单的三电子一步反应,阴极过程近似可逆;Ti(Ⅳ)和B(Ⅲ)可在同一电位下发生共沉积并反应生成TiB2。     

TiB2 coating formed on nickel substrates by electroplating in molten salt of fluoride

The TiB2 coatings deposited over nickel substrate by electroplating was investigated, which is in molten salt of a fluoride mixture involving KF, NaF, K2 TiF6 and KBF4. Effects of temperature, cathodic current density (Jc) and duration on the coating's formation were examined. The composition, morphology and structure of the coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray detector (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results show that the coatings, with black, smooth and uniform appearance, are composed of predominating TiB2 and small amounts of nickel titanium oxide (Ni0.75 Ti0.125 O). The coatings show a nodular morphology and the grain size is dependent on the Jc and ranges about 1 - 10 μm. There is a linear relationship between the coating's thickness and the time of electrolysis within certain duration range. The reduction of the potassium can take place simultaneously with the electrochemical synthesis of TiB2 as the Jc is in excess of certain level. The hardness of the TiB2 coatings is likely to be deteriorated due to the presence of potassium and Ni0.75Ti0.125 O in the coatings.     

氯化物熔盐中Nd^3＋在液体Ga电极上还原的电化学行为

本文利用循环V-A法(CV)研究了Nd~(3+)在液体Ga电极上还原的电化学反应动力学。结果表明,Nd~(3+)在Ga电极上的还原是分步进行的。第一步在较高的电位扫描速度下为扩散控制的可逆电荷传递反应,即Nd~(3+)+e?Nd~(2+);在电位扫描速度较低时,随后的化学反应为第一步反应的控制步骤,即Nd~(3+)+e?快Nd~(2+)+mCl→慢NdCl_m~(2-m)。第二步为不可逆的电荷传递反应,即沉积的金属Nd与Ga合金化,Nd~(2+)+2e→Nd(Ga)。估算了该反应的标准反应速度常数为7.0×10~(-3)cm/s。     

LiF-KF熔盐溶液热力学性质Monte Carlo法计算机模拟研究

本文用 Monte Carlo法对同离子系LiF-KF熔盐溶液的结构和性质进行了计算机模拟.对各离子间的偏径向分布函数和混合热、位能分布等的计算表明,LiF与KF熔盐混合后,Li~+,F~-离子间平均距离减少,与互易盐系LiF-KCl溶液的模拟结果相似.混合热的计算结果与实测值相当接近。混合热产生的原因:正离子间排斥能减少;正负离子间吸引能减少;负离子间排斥能减少。