绿色环保型水-乙二醇抗燃液

介绍了环保型水一乙二醇液压液的发展状况及性能特点，对比了环保型水－乙二醇液压液与其它润滑材料的生物降解性，表明这类水－乙二醇液压液是极具发展的环境友好型的抗燃液介质。     

当前宁波地区住宅产品可持续发展浅析

文章从居住社区的规划设计和建筑设计两方面以低能耗的角度分析了城市居住功能的分布、社区住宅建筑布局的合理性、社区景观设置的合理性以及停车、中水处理与被动式太阳能住宅建筑的相关先进生态理念,希望通过居住社区的生态可持续性设计改善社区的舒适性和能源的可持续性.     

用环境水利理念和方法建设富锦市城市防洪工程

本文结合富锦市城区堤防建设论述了城市防洪建设应从单一防洪目标逐步过渡到区域性多目标治理。以水利工 程为载体,推动促进环境的改善,实现防洪、水资源、生态环境以及城市景观建设的协调统一。     

Limited evidence of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) consumption by freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) in Lake Winnipeg

Freshwater drum (Aplodinotus grunniens) may be a predator of the invasive zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha), which established in Lake Winnipeg in 2013. In this study, the diets, trophic position, and growth of 51 freshwater drum collected in 2019 (six years post-zebra mussel invasion) were compared to 64 freshwater drum sampled in 2000. Benthic insect larvae were the dominant food items in both years. Although mollusks occur in high densities in Lake Winnipeg, they were only consumed by a few freshwater drum in either sample year. Zebra mussels were not a frequent prey item in 2019 as they were only consumed by four of the sampled freshwater drum. Stable isotope analysis of white muscle tissue yielded similar δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N values in both years and were consistent with a benthic, insectivorous diet. Length-at-age data derived from otoliths revealed that the 2019 population had at least an equal growth rate to the 2000 population. Weight-at-length data suggested that fish condition was greater in 2019 than in 2000, which coincided with increased benthic macroinvertebrate density in Lake Winnipeg. Based on these findings, Lake Winnipeg freshwater drum continue to feed predominantly on insect larvae and not zebra mussels.     

广东省东江流域显著水问题类型识别

通过构建流域水资源、水环境与水生态功能评价指标体系,采用ArcGIS自然间断点分级法分析广东省东江流域水资源、水环境与水生态3类涉水功能的空间格局特征,采用Spearman等级相关系数定量分析3类涉水功能间的交互作用,识别各地区显著水问题类型,并提出相应管控策略。结果表明：广东省东江流域水资源、水环境与水生态功能评价等级空间格局体现出显著的空间差异性;流域水资源、水环境与水生态功能间的交互作用类型为兼容;基于3类涉水功能评价等级及功能间交互作用类型,将广东省东江流域10个评价单元划分为水资源、水环境、水生态、水资源-水环境、水生态-水环境及非显著型6个显著水问题类型。     

Cuticular lipids of the booklouse,Liposcelis bostrychophila: hydrocarbons,aldehydes, fatty acids,and fatty acid amides

The booklouse, Liposcelis bostrychophila, is an increasingly common pest of stored food products worldwide. We report here the cuticular lipid composition of this pest (the first report of the hydrocarbons of any member of the Order Psocoptera and the first report of fatty acid amides as cuticular components for any insect). No unsaturated hydrocarbons were present. A homologous series of n-alkanes (C₂₁–C₃₄), monomethyl alkanes (3-, 4-, 5-, 7-, 9-, 11-, 12-, 13- and 15-methyl-) with a carbon chain range of C₂₈–C₄₂, and dimethyl alkanes (3, 7-; 9, 13-; 11, 15-; 13, 17-; 9, 21-; 11, 19-; and 13, 21-); with a carbon number range of C₃₁–C₄₃ were identified. The relative abundances of these hydrocarbons were low, comprising approximately 0.0125% of total biomass. The amides were a homologous series (C₁₆–C₂₂ in chain length), with the major amide being stearoyl amide. In addition to the amides, free fatty acids (C_16:1, C_16:0, C_18:2, C_18:1, and C_18:0 in chain length) and three straight chain aldehydes (C₁₅, C₁₆, and C_17:1 in chain length) also occurred as cuticular components. These findings are discussed in terms of the chemical and physiological ecology of this species.     

Action of the Coastal 1000‐Ton Surface Explosion on the Environment

Results of experimental investigations of the action of a coastal surface explosion of a 1000ton TNT charge on the environment are presented. Available databases were used, which are generally utilized for predicting ecological consequences of natural and maninduced explosive catastrophes, development of new methods of monitoring and identification of phenomena under consideration, their experimental and mathematical modeling, and testing of the models being developed.     

What defense doesSchouwia purpurea (Cruciferae) have against the desert locust?

A field study of the food eaten by solitary desert locusts was carried out in a winter breeding area in Mauritania. The food eaten, determined by the plant epidermis found in fecal pellets, was compared to the plant's availability in the habitat.Schouwia purpurea, well represented in the diets, was dominant at the study site. Adults had a preference forTribulus terrester. Growth and feeding on these two plants were compared. The high water content ofS. purpurea leaves limited the dry matter eaten and slowed down growth. Glucosinolates were separated and quantified by gas chromatography. There are 132mol/g dry matter in green leaves. In multiple choice tests, with paper disks, glucosinolate extracts were phagostimulant at a low concentration (21mol/g dry matter) and repulsive at a higher one (214mol/ g dry matter). Biting behavior onS. purpurea was recorded and analyzed on video. The importance ofSchouwia purpurea in desert locust habitats and its defenses is discussed.     

Role of semiochemicals in mate location by parasitic sea louse,Lepeophtheirus salmonis

The role of olfaction and diffusible pheromones in mate location behavior of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, was assessed with Y-tube behavioral bioassays. The pheromone emitting animals were located in a chamber in one arm of a Y-tube arena, with artificial seawater flowing through both arms. Adult male sea lice displayed both activation and directional responses to seawater conditioned with preadult II virgin females, but were only activated by mated adult female conditioned water. Further, when males were given the choice of preadult II virgin females or mated adult females, a significant number of males chose the arm with the preadult II virgin females. Adult males showed activation responses when presented with water conditioned with adult males but were not attracted to them. When presented with adult males, preadult II virgin females showed only directional responses, but not activation responses. Preadult II virgin female conditioned water was extracted using solid-phase extraction (SPE) protocols pioneered for semiochemical isolation. Adult male sea lice showed significant directional responses to the preadult II virgin female SPE extract. Distillation under vacuum was performed on the extract to give a distillate comprising components with a molecular weight range and physical properties comparable to those of compounds utilized as volatile semiochemicals by terrestrial organisms and a residue comprising components with higher molecular weight range comparable to those utilized as involatile semiochemicals. Adult males were found to be both significantly activated and attracted to the distillate, but not to the residue. This research provides evidence that small, lipophilic organic molecules are used by sea lice as sex pheromone signals to locate a member of the opposite sex.