工业生态型金属矿床开采模式

矿产资源开发为人类的发展提供了原材料的同时,也不可避免地会损耗资源、扰动和破坏地表环境。发达国家的实践经验表明,传统的末端治理不是一种有效的矿山环境治理方案。探讨了基于工业生态学观点的金属矿床开采模式,以期提高资源效率,消除矿床开采对环境造成负面影响的4大危害源,消除矿山闭坑后的末端治理工程,使矿山在生产过程中保持矿区完整生态体系。     

From daily movements to population distributions: weather affects competitive ability in a guild of soaring birds

The ability of many animals to access and exploit food is dependent on the ability to move. In the case of scavenging birds, which use soaring flight to locate and exploit ephemeral resources, the cost and speed of movement vary with meteorological factors. These factors are likely to modify the nature of interspecific interactions, as well as individual movement capacity, although the former are less well understood. We used aeronautical models to examine how soaring performance varies with weather within a guild of scavenging birds and the consequences this has for access to a common resource. Birds could be divided broadly into those with low wing loading that are more competitive in conditions with weak updraughts and low winds (black vultures and caracaras), and those with high wing loading that are well adapted for soaring in strong updraughts and moderate to high winds (Andean condors). Spatial trends in meteorological factors seem to confine scavengers with high wing loading to the mountains where they out-compete other birds; a trend that is borne out in worldwide distributions of the largest species. However, model predictions and carcass observations suggest that the competitive ability of these and other birds varies with meteorological conditions in areas where distributions overlap. This challenges the view that scavenging guilds are structured by fixed patterns of dominance and suggests that competitive ability varies across spatial and temporal scales, which may ultimately be a mechanism promoting diversity among aerial scavengers.     

Socio-Economic Demands,Ecological Conditions and the Power of Tradition: Past Woodland Management Decisions in a Central European Landscape

Humans have managed European landscapes, including woodlands, for millennia. Prior to the birth of modern forestry in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, there existed two basic management forms for lowland broadleaved woods: coppicing and wood pasture. While the existence and characteristics of these two basic management types are well-known, the reasons why particular woods were coppiced while others pastured are little investigated. As a case-study, we chose two large ancient woods in the southern Moravian region of Central Europe. One was managed as coppice, while the other as wood pasture for most of their histories. The woods are similar in size, location, climate and vegetation. We examined several potential explanations (terrain morphology, soil productivity, abundance of woodland, ownership and economy) for past management decisions in these woods. We found that the links between soil productivity, economic demands and ownership were of key importance. Other factors were less significant, for example woodland abundance played no detectable role in spite of the decreasing availability of woodland resources. We also found that tradition mattered; it took a major shift in ideology to change entire management strategies. In sum, management decisions were driven by a complex network of multiple interactions among the individual factors.     

New Types of Ecologically Safe Flame Retardant Polymer Systems

Abstract

New types of ecologically safe flame retardant composition based on poly(vinyl)alcohol and poly(vinyl)alcohol oxidized by KMnO₄ (polymer-organic char formers) were proposed for nylon 6,6. These systems can promote the formation of char by intermolecular crosslinking (“synergetic carbonization”). The Cone Calorimeter tests indicated the improvement of fire retardant properties for the compositions of nylon 6,6 with poly(vinyl)alcohol and poly(vinyl)alcohol oxidized by KMnO₄ in comparison with pure nylon 6,6.     

体现学科特色高校校园规划设计探讨

通过对天津中医药大学新校区规划设计实践的研究与整理,从中获取有益经验,从功能、空间、文化、景观等方面对新时期体现学科特色高校校园的规划设计进行论述与探讨,以期建成具有中国传统中医药特色的新时代高校校园。     

Study on the separation and characterization of cadmium incorporated into Zea Mays L.

Methods of separation and characterization of Cd in Zea Mays L. were studied by means of a radioisotopic technique based on injecting ¹⁰⁹Cd into the plant. Two classic methods for fractionating plant material were compared. Cd was found to occur in all different cell components and a significant activity of Cd in the intracellular liquid is bound to proteins as indicated by chromatography on a molecular sieve. Cd fixed to cell walls exchanges entirely after selective solvent extraction with H₂O, KNO₃, HAc, HCl. Our results indicate Cd‐binding sites in stems.     

从生态学视角看信息技术在基础教育中的应用

文章从生态学的角度分析了信息技术进入基础教育系统的过程，着重探讨了应该注意的问题，以期引起管理者与教师的思考。     

中国刺皮属HETEROCHAETE的研究——Ⅱ.生态学及分类学部分

本文对刺皮属的分类性状及生态分布进行了详细的阐述,并为该属建立了一个较为合理的分种检索表。刺皮属真菌均为腐生。由于寄主植物被严重侵蚀,使之难以得到确定,所以在这方面未见资料报道,本文报道了30份刺皮属标本的寄主植物,为以后寻求这方面可能具有的规律性提供了有价值的资料。     

宾县县城水源地状况与生态水源保护策略

宾县县城水资源需求量在500×104m3/a以上,供水水源地主要依赖二龙山水库,其水资源与生态环境质量对县城10万人口的生活用水安全关系重大。指出了水源地的水资源量、水质污染、供水能力及泥沙淤积状况,系统地分析了植被破坏、水土流失、点面源污染与旅游活动对水源地生态环境的影响,从保护生态水源,实现水资源可持续利用出发,提出了防治策略。