碟形湖在鄱阳湖湿地生态系统的作用和意义

\"碟形湖\"是指鄱阳湖湖盆区内枯水季节显露于洲滩之中的季节性子湖泊,具有特殊的地貌特征和水文特性、复杂多变的湿地景观和丰富的生物多样性等特征.在碟形湖及其周边,湿生与水生植物群落有序分布、季节性演替;静水水域有利于底栖动物和鱼类生长育肥;缓慢下降的水位、逐渐伸展的泥滩为越冬候鸟持续提供丰富的食物和歇息环境,全湖80%以上的水鸟在碟形湖区域越冬.高低不一、分布广泛的碟形湖群有效地缓解了干旱、洪水灾害对鄱阳湖湿地生态系统的冲击,对于维护全球生态系统的完整性和生物多样性具有重要作用.最后提出了加强碟形湖保护和管理的对策.     

尼洋河流域水电梯级开发对生态环境质量影响的分析评价

结合尼洋河流域实际情况选取了8个环境影响因子,利用灰色GM(1,1)模型分别对有无梯级水电开发流域生态环境变化进行了预测和综合评价,得到尼洋河水电梯级开发对生态环境可能影响的结论为:梯级水电开发对流域生态环境状况有一定影响;流域梯级水电开发,使年平均流量相对于无梯级开发时减少,对森林面积的影响较小;对鱼类资源数量的影响是有利的;梯级水电开发对保护鱼类种类的影响是不利的;年输沙量明显减少。     

ECOSYSTEM ENGINEERS MODULATE EXOTIC INVASIONS IN RIPARIAN PLANT COMMUNITIES BY MODIFYING HYDROGEOMORPHIC CONNECTIVITY

Patterns of native and exotic plant species richness and cover were examined in relation with ecosystem engineer effects of pioneer vegetation within the Mediterranean gravel bed river Tech, South France. The floristic composition was characterized according to two distinct vegetation types corresponding to two habitats with contrasted conditions: (i) open and exposed alluvial bars dominated by herbaceous communities; and (ii) islands and river margins disconnected from annual hydrogeomorphic disturbances and covered by woody vegetation. A significant positive correlation between exotic and native plant species richness and cover was observed for both vegetation types. However, significant differences in native and exotic species richness and cover were found between these two vegetation types. Higher values of total species richness and Shannon diversity were attained within the herbaceous vegetation type than within the woody type. These differences are most likely related to changes in local exposure to hydrogeomorphic disturbances driven by woody engineer plant species and to vegetation succession. A lower exotic species cover within the woody vegetation type than within the herbaceous type suggested an increase of resistance to invasion by exotic species during the biogeomorphic succession. The engineer effects of woody vegetation through landform construction resulted in a decrease of alpha (α) diversity at the patch scale but, in parallel, caused an increase in gamma (γ) diversity at the scale of the studied river segment. Our study corroborates recent investigations that support the theory of biotic acceptance of exotic species by native species at the local scale (generally <10 m²) within heterogeneous and disturbed environments. Furthermore, we suggest that in riparian contexts such as the River Tech exotic species trapp sediment at the same time as native species and thus contribute to the increase in ecosystem resistance during the biogeomorphic succession. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of a policy intervention on handset subsidies on the intention to change handsets and households’ expenses in mobile telecommunications

This study examined effect of a policy intervention that provides an upper limit for handset subsidies on users’ intention to change handset and households’ expenses on mobile telecommunications. The Korean government has prohibited mobile network providers from providing excessive subsidies for mobile handsets to attract subscribers since Nov. 2014 according to the mobile act. Using the exogenous variation, we estimate the impact of the policy on the intention to change handsets and expenses on handset installment, total mobile communications, and online content. The longitudinal data are from the 2014 to 2015 waves of the Korea Media Panel Survey. The mobile act lowered the predicted probability of switching handsets by 0.4% points. Moreover, the mobile act increased the predicted probability of any expense on handset installment by 7.5% points and had a significant impact on the amount of expenses on handset installment, with an increase of 7.8%. The mobile act lowered users’ willingness to switch handsets and increased spending on handset installment. This increased burden in handset installment might shrink the online content market, which has a large need for government support, as well as decrease consumers’ welfare. We assert that the policy intervention on handset subsidies is questionable with regard to both consumer welfare and the healthiness of the ICT ecosystem.     

稻田磷素流失及其环境效应分析

根据稻田磷素流失和环境效应的研究成果,对稻田磷素运移规律和环境效应进行了分析和总结.对磷素在稻田土壤和径流中的迁移方式和规律,稻田磷素流失的机理和影响因素、稻田磷素流失的环境效应以及相应的研究方法和控制措施进行了初步探讨,并结合国内外的实际提出稻田磷素研究领域的研究重点.     

Addressing the information gaps associated with valuing green infrastructure in west Michigan: INtegrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services Tool (INVEST)

Land use change is profoundly influencing the environmental resources of the Great Lakes region. In West Michigan, population growth and rapid land use change have resulted in urbanization and a loss in the diversity of green infrastructure that provides a variety of benefits–ecosystem services–to regional residents and visitors. To address these changes in land use and cover in ways that are objective, transparent, and defensible, local policy makers need tools to help inform local and regional land use decisions. An interdisciplinary team, engaged by a regional policy organization, developed one such online tool, the INtegrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services Tool (INVEST). INVEST utilizes static GIS maps, graphs, and tables, to help educate local and regional decision-makers about the underlying values of ecosystem services associated with green infrastructure, particularly those services that do not pass through traditional commercial markets. In this article we provide a general overview of the development of INVEST and examine its current application as an educational tool, including the specific challenges associated with addressing the information gaps.     

Temporal dynamics and drivers of lake ecosystem metabolism using high resolution observations in a shallow,tropical, eutrophic lake (Laguna Lake,Philippines)

The physical, chemical, and biological dynamics under changing atmospheric conditions of Laguna Lake, Philippines were analyzed from intensive observations. Diel measurements were conducted for 48 continuous hours for both dry and wet tropical seasons in addition to fine resolution long-term monitoring. Results revealed significant vertical and diel variations of lake variables in spite of a shallow water depth (2.5 m) caused by the intense surface heating from solar irradiance (~800 W m^?2) and accentuated by the lake's high turbidity (16–32 ftu). Late afternoon land-lake breeze (~5–7 m s^?1) regularly breaks daytime thermal stratification, and convective cooling at night maintains isothermal condition until dawn of the next day. The stratified condition demonstrated a wind-driven, density-induced 2-layer current pattern with a windward moving epilimnion (~4 folds faster) and a compensating hypolimnetic flow in the general lake circulation direction. Laguna Lake was observed to have a dominating diel cycle but also undergoes significant seasonal limnological variations brought primarily by climate, hydrology, and its interaction with the adjacent sea. Significantly correlated variations of pH, chlorophyll-a and DO in the dry season were indicative of the higher biological activity associated with the intrusion of polluted waters from Metro Manila. The non-occurrence of thermal over-turn was observed to be regularly followed by bottom hypoxic conditions (2–4 mg L^?1), indicative of the eutrophic condition of the lake and the importance of diel wind-induced mixing in the bottom supply of DO. Laguna Lake was found to be predominantly net heterotrophic (GPP:R < 1, NEP < 0).     

黄河干流水生态系统关键物种的识别

关键物种的保护是维持黄河健康的重要措施之一。以黄河干流不同年代生物调查资料为依据,首先根据黄河干流各个河段水生生态系统的食物结构,计算水生生态系统中各类种群的关键性指数,比较各类种群的关键性指数的大小,识别出关键种群;然后计算种群中物种保护的次序,优先保护的物种就是关键物种。研究结果表明,纫鱼、北方铜鱼、黄河鲤鱼及花斑裸鲤是黄河干流水生态系统中关键物种。     

循环经济理念下的水资源管理模式研究

对循环经济理念的水资源管理及文献进行了综述,阐述了循环经济的基本概念、理论及相关的实践.最后,对于循环经济在水资源管理方面的运用进行了相关研究.     

我国湖泊水环境问题与水生态系统修复的探讨

随着全球气候变暖和人类对湖泊资源的不合理开发利用及污染物的大量排放,我国湖泊出现面积萎缩与干涸,富营养化加剧,淤塞严重,水生态系统退化,生物多样性受损等问题。针对湖泊水环境问题,总结了湖泊生态系统修复的实践,从截断外源污染和控制内源污染两方面提出了修复措施,并进一步给出了修复的对策与建议。