季冻区高速公路路基冻害调查及试验观测

在对吉林省几条高速公路进行的野外冻害调查、现场观测和室内冻胀、水分迁移模拟试验的基础上,依据取得的野外资料和室内试验数据,对季冻区高速公路路基冻害的原因和影响因素进行分析和探讨;对冻害与水分关系、路基冻害水分来源、水分迁移特征以及由于路面底基层二灰土性能恶化失效导致的道路翻浆等问题进行了深入研究.同时利用本项目综合研究的特点,将竖管法毛细水沿高度分布的研究资料与由冻胀试验揭示的各种冻胀率——含水量变化规律有机结合起来进行分析,从而得到了毛细水冻害有效高度,试验结果表明:规范值相对试验值在一些情况下偏低,有的低很多,对路基防冻抗冻设计不利.研究成果对公路路堤最小高度设计和挖方段防冻处理深度设计等防冻措施的采用有实际意义.     

手背静脉识别的图像处理算法

提出了一种手背静脉图像的有效区域提取方法,在获得手背静脉图像的有效区域后,对图像进行增强和平滑处理,采用动态阈值分割算法对图像进行分割,对分割结果进行平滑细化和去除＂毛刺＂处理。仿真实验表明,该算法能够获得失真较小的静脉骨架。     

梁削弱式节点连接的侧移钢框架柱计算长度系数

根据框架柱计算长度理论,通过引入梁削弱式节点参数特性,建立了四跨三层的梁削弱式节点连接的侧移钢框架数值模型.利用ANSYS软件对梁削弱式节点连接的侧移钢框架数值模型进行了非线性屈曲分析,得到了梁削弱式节点连接的侧移钢框架柱计算长度系数.结果显示,梁削弱式节点侧移钢框架柱计算长度系数较常规节点增加1.5%～12.9%.最后,经过回归得到了梁削弱式节点连接的侧移钢框架柱计算长度系数建议公式.     

胶磷矿生产磷酸的研究

对胺磷矿的组成和性质，胺磷矿的反应活性、发泡及消泡性能，湿法磷酸制备及磷酸的浓缩和澄清进行了试验研究。结果表明：用大峪口胺磷矿作原料，可生产出浓度为50％～51％P2O5的磷酸，符合生产高效磷肥的要求。     

Effective renaturation of reduced lysozyme by gentle removal of urea

To increase the folding yield of concentrated reduced lysozyme,we developed a renaturation method by means of dialysis fromconcentrated urea with redox agents. After lysozyme was incubatedin the reducing buffer (8 M urea solution) with oxidized glutathione,renaturation of reduced lysozyme was started by dialysis againstthe dialyzing buffer containing 8 M urea with redox agents.The urea concentration of the dialyzing bottle was graduallydiluted with dialyzing buffer without urea at a flow rate of0.1 ml/min by high pressure pump. Using this systematic dialysis,a concentration as high as 5 mg/ml of reduced lysozyme couldbe renaturated in 80% yield, while the folding yield was <5%even at a concentration of 1 mg/ml using a conventional rapiddilution method [Goldberg et al. (1991) Biochemistry, 30, 2790–2797].Therefore, it was concluded that gentle removal of urea fromdenatured proteins, dissolved in concentrated urea solution,by means of dialysis should be useful to renature denaturedproteins effectively.     

提高次氯酸钠溶液稳定性

通过次氯酸钠溶液有效氯含量的测定，对次氯酸钠溶液的稳定性进行了初步分析探讨，提出了一些应对措施。     

The Effect of Temperature on the Strength of Adhesively-Bonded Composite-Aluminium Joints

Different materials have different coefficients of thermal expansion, which is a measure of the change in length for a given change in temperature. When different materials are combined structurally, as in a bonded joint, a temperature change leads to stresses being set up. These stresses are present even in an unloaded joint which has been cured at say 150°C and cooled to room temperature. Further stresses result from operations at even lower temperatures.

In addition to temperature-induced stresses, account also has to be taken of changes in adhesive properties. Low temperatures cause the adhesive to become more brittle (reduced strain to failure), while high temperatures cause the adhesive to become more ductile, but make it less strong and more liable to creep.

Theoretical predictions are made of the strength of a series of aluminium/CFRP joints using three different adhesives at 20°C and 55°C. Various failure criteria are used to show good correlation with experimental results.     

三峡区间面雨量空间插值方法对比分析

空间插值是常用的面雨量计算方法,以三峡区间为研究对象,选取反距离加权、普通克里金、协同克里金3种空间插值算法,进行面雨量空间插值计算和对比分析,其中协同克里金插值将地形作为影响因素。三峡区间面雨量插值结果表明:克里金插值在精度上要优于反距离加权插值,插值效果也更平滑;协同克里金的插值精度优于普通克里金,平均绝对误差、误差均方根相对于普通克里金插值分别降低了19%,10%。因此,在山区或地形复杂区域的面雨量计算,将地形作为协同区域化属性的协同克里金插值更合适。     

北京城市副中心防洪风险研究

北京城市副中心规划防洪标准为100a一遇,其流域上游规划2座中型水库、50余处蓄滞洪区尚未建成,副中心周边防洪工程距离规划标准差距较大,导致副中心防洪安全难以保障。针对副中心来自上游的外来洪水压力大、区内防洪工程不达标等问题,采用一维、二维数学模型,分别对区域洪水风险、穿越副中心的北运河漫溢造成的淹没风险,以及副中心周边三条干流河道堤防不达标造成的防洪风险进行模拟计算和具体分析。结果表明:流域上游洪水不经有效拦蓄下泄后,将导致北运河干流100a一遇洪峰流量增加33%;同时,副中心周边三条河道均存在堤防安全风险。其中北运河发生100a一遇洪水时,即使区内宋庄蓄滞洪区建成启用,仍将有2 590万m~3洪水从3 km无堤段漫溢,并淹没副中心核心区0.2～2 m深。风险研究结果还表明,一旦近期通州境内宋庄蓄滞洪区、温潮减河分洪道等规划工程建成后,将有效降低城市副中心的部分防洪风险。研究成果对保障副中心防洪安全的规划工程实施安排及防汛抢险安排具有重要指导意义。     

乌东德水电站表孔体型优化研究

乌东德水电站坝址处河谷狭窄,覆盖层深厚,施工详图设计阶段拱坝厚高比增加,表、中孔相对位置发生变化,存在表孔自由溢流水体击打中孔弧门、表中孔水舌碰撞后形成的横向溅水冲击透水边坡及水垫塘底板冲刷较深等问题。通过1〖DK(〗∶〖DK)〗50水工整体模型试验及方案比选,对表孔出口位置、型式进行了优化研究,使表孔水舌横向扩散,纵向分层明晰,表中孔碰撞消能后水垫塘底板冲刷轻微,边坡横向溅水强度基本与自然降水相当。研究成果可为工程设计及安全运行提供技术支撑。