Lactobacillus reuteri-fortified camel milk infant formula: Effects of encapsulation,in vitro digestion,and storage conditions on probiotic cell viability and physicochemical characteristics of infant formula

Lactobacillus reuteri fortified camel milk infant formula (CMIF) was produced. The effect of encapsulation in different matrices (sodium alginate and galacto-oligosaccharides) via spray drying, simulated infant gastrointestinal digestion (SIGID), and storage conditions (temperature and humidity) on the viability of L. reuteri in CMIF and the physicochemical properties of CMIF were evaluated. Compared with free cells, probiotic cell viability was significantly enhanced against SIGID conditions upon encapsulation. However, L. reuteri viability in CMIF decreased after 60 d of storage, predominantly at higher storage humidity and temperature levels. At the end of the storage period, significant changes in the color values were observed in all CMIF, with a reduction in their greenness, an increase in yellowness, and a wide variation in their whiteness. Moreover, pH values and caking behavior of all CMIF stored at higher temperature (40°C) and humidity [water activity (a_w) = 0.52] levels were found to be significantly higher than the samples stored under other conditions. Over 30 d of storage at lower humidity conditions (a_w = 0.11 and 0.33) and room temperature (25°C), no significant increase in CMIF lipid oxidation rates was noted. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed that, compared with the other storage conditions, CMIF experienced fewer changes in functional groups when stored at a_w = 0.11. Microscopic images showed typical morphological characteristics of milk powder, with round to spherical-shaped particles. Overall, camel milk fortified with encapsulated L. reuteri can be suggested as a promising alternative in infant formula industries, potentially able to maintain its physicochemical characteristics as well as viability of probiotic cells when stored at low humidity levels (a_w = 0.11) and temperature (25°C), over 60 d of storage.     

水产品及养殖水中丁香酚类化合物风险研究

目的 检测水产品及养殖水中丁香酚类化合物。方法 应用食品补充检验方法BJS 201908《水产品及水中丁香酚类化合物的测定》，以海水鱼、淡水鱼、海水虾、淡水虾及养殖水作为基质，测定6种丁香酚类化合物的含量。结果 通过对实际样品测定后发现，在水产品中检出了丁香酚类化合物，主要为丁香酚，检出率为28.9%，其中海水鱼相对突出。结论 本研究为丁香酚作为渔用麻醉剂提供了方法论，为丁香酚类化合物在水产运输的合理使用提供理论依据。     

Quaternion rational surfaces: Rational surfaces generated from the quaternion product of two rational space curves

A quaternion rational surface is a surface generated from two rational space curves by quaternion multiplication. The goal of this paper is to demonstrate how to apply syzygies to analyze quaternion rational surfaces. We show that we can easily construct three special syzygies for a quaternion rational surface from a μ-basis for one of the generating rational space curves. The implicit equation of any quaternion rational surface can be computed from these three special syzygies and inversion formulas for the non-singular points on quaternion rational surfaces can be constructed. Quaternion rational ruled surfaces are generated from the quaternion product of a straight line and a rational space curve. We investigate special μ-bases for quaternion rational ruled surfaces and use these special μ-bases to provide implicitization and inversion formulas for quaternion rational ruled surfaces. Finally, we show how to determine if a real rational surface is also a quaternion rational surface.     

Correlation between B value deviation and sintering temperature of perovskite solid solution materials

The effects of different sintering temperatures on the system of Ba_0.5Sr_0.5TiO₃–La_0.8Ca_0.2MnO₃ (BST-LCM) material were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray, resistance-temperature measurements, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirm that BST-LCM is completely miscible and BST is the main phase, which under the premise of following the theory of small polaron conduction, titanium ions interact with manganese ions, which affects the electrical properties of the system of BST-LCM material. For the electrical properties of related, the LCM content is inversely proportional to the activation energy. Through the linear fitting of the experimental data, the empirical formula between the sintering temperature B value and the content of solid solution is obtained, and the approximate B value within a certain range can be preliminarily calculated.     

Empirical Analysis of Agricultural Cultural Resources Value Evaluation under DEA Model

Agricultural culture is a productive activity about education and management. It aims at high efficiency and high quality, uses technology as its means, and takes nature as its carrier. Agricultural cultural resources are the product of the rapid development of modern economy. It promotes the development of the national economy and profoundly affects people's production and life. DEA model, also known as data envelope analysis method, is an algorithm that uses multiple data decision units for input and output training to obtain the final model. This article explains the concept and basic characteristics of agricultural culture. Through questionnaire surveys and expert interviews, we collected development data, screened human, material, and financial data, and calculated information on economic and social resources. On this basis, this paper establishes the evaluation index of agricultural culture based on DEA model. Then, through empirical analysis from a specific perspective, it can be concluded that increasing human, material and financial input can achieve economic and social benefits. Generally speaking, cultural investment can promote the development of the industry. The research results of this paper laid a theoretical foundation for the development of agricultural culture, and put forward a development model focusing on technology development, improving investment efficiency, and investing in material resources.     

培养原料种类的减少对人工窖泥发酵剂菌群结构的影响

为实现人工窖泥发酵剂（APMSC）的品质控制，从前期开发的发酵剂配方中分别取出老熟窖泥、曲药、酒糟和黄水初步形成4个简化配方，采用扩增子测序和色谱技术比较了各配方发酵剂的微生物群落结构及香味物质含量差异。结果显示，各配方发酵剂样品中共检测到70个微生物操作分类单元（OTU），其中71.43%为各组样品共有，未检测到独有OTU。各配方样品的优势微生物均存在于其余分组中，仅物种相对丰度有所差异。根据酿酒有益微生物的丰度高低，选择了一种简化配方（无老熟窖泥作原料）发酵剂养护窖池，使酿造白酒的主体香味物质含量得到显著提高。结果表明，即使缺失了某一种培养原料，人工窖泥发酵剂的功能微生物物种也可能由其他原料补充，而原料种类的减少是实现发酵剂品质控制的主要途径。     

带延迟索赔和随机收入的离散风险模型的Gerber-Shiu分析（英）

破产理论是保险数学中的重要问题，它可以为保险公司决策者提供一个非常有用的早期风险预警手段．本文研究了一个带潜在延迟索赔和随机保费收入的复合二项风险模型．利用矩母函数的技巧，得到了 Gerber-Shiu 期望折罚函数的递推公式．特别地，还得到了贴现因子为 1 的特殊情形下的 Gerber-Shiu 期望折罚函数的解析表达式．最后还得到了实际应用中的一些重要的破产特征量，包括破产概率，破产时赤字的密度函数，破产前盈余与破产时赤字的联合密度函数，以及导致破产的索赔密度函数等．     

Low‐order optimal regulation of parabolic PDEs with time‐dependent domain

Observer and optimal boundary control design for the objective of output tracking of a linear distributed parameter system given by a two‐dimensional (2‐D) parabolic partial differential equation with time‐varying domain is realized in this work. The transformation of boundary actuation to distributed control setting allows to represent the system's model in a standard evolutionary form. By exploring dynamical model evolution and generating data, a set of time‐varying empirical eigenfunctions that capture the dominant dynamics of the distributed system is found. This basis is used in Galerkin's method to accurately represent the distributed system as a finite‐dimensional plant in terms of a linear time‐varying system. This reduced‐order model enables synthesis of a linear optimal output tracking controller, as well as design of a state observer. Finally, numerical results are prepared for the optimal output tracking of a 2‐D model of the temperature distribution in Czochralski crystal growth process which has nontrivial geometry. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 494–502, 2015     

MIMO-GFDM系统中低复杂度动态禁忌搜索检测算法的改进

针对多输入多输出的广义频分复用（MIMO-GFDM）系统的等效信道矩阵维度极大，传统的MIMO检测算法复杂度高且性能不佳的问题，将大规模MIMO系统中的动态禁忌搜索（RTS）检测算法运用到MIMO-GFDM系统中，并解决了RTS算法初始值的求解复杂度高的问题。首先利用最小均方误差（MMSE）检测算法所用到矩阵的正定对称性将矩阵Cholesky分解，并结合Sherman-Morrison公式迭代计算初始值，降低了初始值求逆的高复杂度；然后以改进的MMSE检测结果作为RTS算法的初始值，从初始值逐步全局搜索最优解；最后通过仿真，对不同算法的迭代次数和误码率（BER）性能进行了研究。理论分析与仿真结果表明：在MIMO-GFDM中，所提改进RTS信号检测算法误码率远低于传统信号检测算法。在4QAM时，RTS算法大约有低于MMSE检测6 dB的信噪比性能增益（误码率在10^-3时）；在16QAM时，RTS算法大约有低于MMSE检测4 dB的信噪比性能增益（误码率在10^-2时）。与传统RTS算法性相比，所提改进算法在不影响误码率性能的同时降低了算法复杂度。     

Assessment of empirical algorithms for bathymetry extraction using Sentinel-2 data

Bathymetry estimated from optical satellite imagery has been increasingly implemented as an alternative to traditional bathymetric survey techniques. The availability of new sensors such as Sentinel-2 with improved spatial and temporal resolution, in comparison with previous optical sensors, offers innovative capabilities for bathymetry derivation. This study presents an assessment of the fit between satellite data and the underlying models in the most widely used empirical algorithms: the linear band model and the log-transformed band ratio model using Sentinel-2A data. Both models were tested in two study areas of the Irish coast with different morphological and environmental conditions. Results showed that the linear band model fitted better than the log-transformed band ratio model providing coefficient of determination values, R², between 0.83 and 0.88 (0 m–10 m) for the five images considered in the study. The closest fit was found in the depth range 2 m–6 m. Atmospheric correction, bottom type influence, and water column conditions proved to be key factors in the bathymetric derivation using these satellite datasets.