Role of Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals in the Pathogenesis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver disorder, affecting around 25% of the population worldwide. It is a complex disease spectrum, closely linked with other conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, which may increase liver-related mortality. In light of this, numerous efforts have been carried out in recent years in order to clarify its pathogenesis and create new prevention strategies. Currently, the essential role of environmental pollutants in NAFLD development is recognized. Particularly, endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have a notable influence. EDCs can be classified as natural (phytoestrogens, genistein, and coumestrol) or synthetic, and the latter ones can be further subdivided into industrial (dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, and alkylphenols), agricultural (pesticides, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides), residential (phthalates, polybrominated biphenyls, and bisphenol A), and pharmaceutical (parabens). Several experimental models have proposed a mechanism involving this group of substances with the disruption of hepatic metabolism, which promotes NAFLD. These include an imbalance between lipid influx/efflux in the liver, mitochondrial dysfunction, liver inflammation, and epigenetic reprogramming. It can be concluded that exposure to EDCs might play a crucial role in NAFLD initiation and evolution. However, further investigations supporting these effects in humans are required.     

Capture of Organic Vapors Using Adsorption and Electrothermal Regeneration

Activated-carbon-fiber cloth (ACFC) is an alternative adsorbent to granular activated carbon (GAC) for removing and recovering organic vapors from gas streams. Electrothermal desorption (ED) of ACFC provides rapid regeneration while requiring less energy compared to traditional regeneration techniques used with GAC. This paper provides proof-of-concept results from a bench-scale ACFC adsorption system. The automated system captured 1,000 ppmv of hazardous air pollutants/volatile organic compounds (HAPs/VOCs) from air streams and demonstrated the use of ED, using ac voltage, to recover the HAP/VOC as a pure liquid. The desorbed HAP/VOC condensed onto the inner walls of the adsorber and was collected at the bottom of the vessel, without the use of ancillary cooling. Seventy percent of the HAP/VOC was collected per cycle as condensate, with the balance being retained in the regenerated adsorber or recycled to the second adsorber. ED with in-vessel condensation results in minimal N2 consumption and short regeneration cycle times allowing the process to be cost competitive with conventional GAC-based adsorption processes. This technology extends the application of carbon adsorption systems to situations that were previously economically and physically impractical.     

金刚烷最新研究

金刚烷是近 30年来发展起来的一种新型精细化工原料。简要介绍了金刚烷的分子结构、性质及其主要用途 ,重点对近年来国内外报道过的金刚烷合成方法进行了评述 ,在此基础上指出了金刚烷化工的未来发展趋势。     

关于建立纺织用染化料生态安全性评价体系的设想

从可持续发展战略和“绿色”、环保、生态等方面的需要提出关于建立纺织用染化料生态安全性评价体系的意义，并建议了列入安全性评价体系的项目及实施办法，同时也提出了需要解决的问题。     

卤水净化中储存加药方法的改进

制盐行业卤水净化都是采用库存药品和人工加药，这种做法劳动强度大，环境恶劣，影响人们健康，又不经济。为此介绍一种新的药品储存和投加工艺及设备。     

二元聚合物的合成及在稠油破乳中的应用

采用丙烯酸（AA）与自制丙烯酸壬基酚聚醚酯（NPEAA）为原料,在偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂的条件下,引发聚合制备了二元共聚物稠油破乳剂,采用FTIR、1HNMR对产物结构进行了确证,GPC测试了分子量;采用荧光光谱仪与表面张力仪测得其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.5g/L,表面张力为25.684mN/m。并以脱水率和脱出污水含油量为衡量指标,探讨了不同因素下聚合物破乳剂对陈庄稠油W/O乳液的破乳脱水性能,确定最佳破乳条件：温度55?C,时间2h,用量0.5g/L时,脱水率为88.5%,脱出水中含油量为198.4mg/L。研究了聚合物破乳剂对乳状液表观粘度、体系稳定性、油水界面的影响以及微观破乳过程,探讨分析得出聚合物破乳剂在油水界面更易润湿扩散,脱水速率快,破乳效果好。     

Chronically Elevated Exogenous Glucose Elicits Antipodal Effects on the Proteome Signature of Differentiating Human iPSC-Derived Pancreatic Progenitors

The past decade revealed that cell identity changes, such as dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation, accompany the insulin-producing β-cell decay in most diabetes conditions. Mapping and controlling the mechanisms governing these processes is, thus, extremely valuable for managing the disease progression. Extracellular glucose is known to influence cell identity by impacting the redox balance. Here, we use global proteomics and pathway analysis to map the response of differentiating human pancreatic progenitors to chronically increased in vitro glucose levels. We show that exogenous high glucose levels impact different protein subsets in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, regardless of concentration, glucose elicits an antipodal effect on the proteome landscape, inducing both beneficial and detrimental changes in regard to achieving the desired islet cell fingerprint. Furthermore, we identified that only a subgroup of these effects and pathways are regulated by changes in redox balance. Our study highlights a complex effect of exogenous glucose on differentiating pancreas progenitors characterized by a distinct proteome signature.     

Maternal Exposure to Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) or Diethylstilbestrol (DES) Leads to Long-Term Changes in Hypothalamic Gene Expression and Sexual Behavior

Xenobiotic exposure during pregnancy and lactation has been linked to perinatal changes in male reproductive outcomes and other endocrine parameters. This pilot study wished to assess whether brief maternal exposure of rats to xenobiotics dibutyl phthalate (DBP) or diethylstilbestrol (DES) might also cause long-term changes in hypothalamic gene expression or in reproductive behavior of the resulting offspring. Time-mated female Sprague Dawley rats were given either DBP (500 mg/kg body weight, every second day from GD14.5 to PND6), DES (125 µg/kg body weight at GD14.5 and GD16.5 only), or vehicle (n = 8–12 per group) and mild endocrine disruption was confirmed by monitoring postnatal anogenital distance. Hypothalamic RNA from male and female offspring at PND10, PND24 and PND90 was analyzed by qRT-PCR for expression of aromatase, oxytocin, vasopressin, ER-alpha, ER-beta, kisspeptin, and GnRH genes. Reproductive behavior was monitored in male and female offspring from PND60 to PND90. Particularly, DES treatment led to significant changes in hypothalamic gene expression, which for the oxytocin gene was still evident at PND90, as well as in sexual behavior. In conclusion, maternal xenobiotic exposure may not only alter endocrine systems in offspring but, by impacting on brain development at a critical time, can have long-term effects on male or female sexual behavior.     

近2年我国锆铪及锆化学制品雕生产、贸易及研发概况

介绍了我国近2年来海绵锆、锆铪制品和锆化学品的生产、进出口概况,以及重要研发进展。我国工业级海绵锆产量从2003年的100t增加到2005年的174t,2005年的销售量达到150t;锆粉与锆-铝消气剂等年产量在10t左右;锆材和锆设备年产量在100t以上;锆化学制品品种有10余种,年产量已达到20×104t。锆砂的沸腾氯化工艺、锆铪的MIBK法分离工艺、以电熔ZrO2为原料制取粗ZrCl2工艺和Al-Y复合ZrO2粉的生产工艺等的研发工作,都取得了突破性进展。     

化学危险品的安全对策

随着我国化工产业的高速发展，化学危险品事故也日益增多，如何保障化学工业的生产安全，是我们面临的一个课题。本文简述了化学危险品的安全对策。