BASE: an assistant tool to precisely simulate energy consumption and reliability of energy‐efficient storage systems

The concept of green storage in cluster computing has recently attracted enormous interest among researchers. Consequently, several energy‐efficient solutions, such as multi‐speed disks and disk spin down methods, have been proposed to conserve power in storage systems and improve disk access. Some researchers have assessed their proposed solutions via simulations, while others have used real‐world experiments. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. Simulations can more swiftly assess the benefits of energy‐efficient solutions, but various measurement errors can arise from procedural shortcomings. For instance, many power simulation tools fail to consider how heat increases the power overhead of disk operations. Some researchers claim that their modeling methods reduce the measurement error to 5% in the single disk model. However, the demand for large‐scale storage systems is growing rapidly. Traditional power measurement using a single disk model is unsuited to such systems because of their complex storage architecture and the unpredictability of numerous disks. Consequently, a number of studies have conducted real machine experiments to assess the performance of their solutions in terms of power conservation, but such experiments are time consuming. To address this problem, this study proposes an efficient simulation tool called Benchmark Analysis Software for Energy‐efficient Solution (BASE), which can accurately estimate disks' power consumption in large‐scale storage systems. We evaluate the performance of BASE on real‐world traces of Academia Sinica (Taiwan) and Florida International University. BASE incorporates an analytical method for assessing the reliability of energy‐efficient solutions. The analytical results demonstrate that the measurement error of BASE is 2.5% lower than that achieved in real‐world experiments involving energy‐estimation experiments. Moreover, the results of simulations to assess solution reliability are identical to those obtained through real‐world experiments. Copyright © 2015 Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

WSN中基于压缩感知的高能效数据收集方案

可靠高效的数据收集是无线传感器网络（Wireless sensor networks,WSN）应用中的关键问题.然而,由于无线通信链路的高失效率、节点资源受限以及环境恶劣等原因,网络容易发生丢包问题,使得现有的数据收集方法无法同时满足高精度和低能耗的要求.为此,本文提出了一种基于压缩感知的高能效数据收集方案.该方案主要分为节点上的数据处理和数据收集路径优化两个步骤.首先设计了基于指数核函数的稀疏矩阵来对感知数据进行稀疏化处理,然后综合考虑了数据的传输能耗和可靠性等因素,采用分块矩阵的思路,将单位矩阵和准循环低密度奇偶校验（Low density parity check,LDPC）码的校验矩阵相结合构造了测量矩阵,并证明了它与稀疏矩阵之间满足限制等距性质（Restricted isometry property,RIP）.最后,将数据收集路径优化问题建模为哈密尔顿回路问题,并提出了基于树分解的路径优化算法进行求解.仿真结果表明,在网络存在丢包的情况下,本文方案仍然能够保证数据收集的高精确度,相比于其他数据收集方案而言,本文方案在数据重构误差和能耗方面的性能更优.     

基于Hadoop的公共建筑能耗数据挖掘方法

针对建筑能耗数据无法有效利用这一问题,提出利用Hadoop分布式架构,结合建筑基本信息对公共建筑能耗数据进行数据挖掘的方法.对基于Hadoop的公共建筑能耗数据挖掘系统进行了初步设计,并对系统的基本架构和各模块的功能进行了设计和说明.同时,对Apriori算法和C4.5算法实现MapReduce分布式设计.以山东省100栋办公建筑制冷期的空调系统耗电量为例进行实验分析,得到6类建筑信息属性对空调系统能耗的影响规律,并生成空调系统耗电量判定树,可判别建筑空调系统耗电量等级,并对样本建筑的节能改造提供具有针对性的建议.     

基于Seam Carving的图像放大算法研究与改进

针对Seam Carving图像放大算法中,能量值前k小的像素带可能出现共用点的情况,提出了一种改进的图像放大自适应算法,通过判断图像中出现共用点的像素带的情况及计算其共用率的值,经过一定的策略确定待新增的像素带位置,该算法使得图像中视觉关注非重要信息区域像素带的增加能得到较均匀的分布;实现了人工干预选择视觉关注重要区域的方法,避免了自适应算法本身因误判视觉关注重要区域而带来关注对象发生变形扭曲的情况.实验证明,改进的算法能得到更好的放大效果.     

异构无线传感网络最优簇首选择机制

针对时间驱动的数据收集方式,考虑在异构无线传感器网络中,不同类型的传感器节点采集数据周期不同,节点初始能量异构的研究背景下,结合模糊逻辑原理,提出了一种新型的最优簇首选择机制OCHS. OCHS算法在选择簇首节点的时候,综合考虑节点采集数据周期不同,节点初始能量异构以及节点的分布密度,通过这些因素采用竞争的方式来选举最优的簇首集.成员节点则采用类勾股定理的方法,选择一条链路能耗最小的路径加入该簇. MATLAB仿真表明, OCHS算法能够有效的均衡网络节点能耗、延长整个网络的生存周期以及提高整个网络的稳定期.     

Electronic properties and gas adsorption behaviour of pristine,silicon-, and boron-doped (8, 0) single-walled carbon nanotube: A first principles study

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received enormous attention due to their fascinating properties to be used in various applications including electronics, sensing, energy storage and conversion. The first principles calculations within density functional theory (DFT) have been carried out in order to investigate the structural, electronic and optical properties of un-doped and doped CNT nanostructures. O₂, CO₂, and CH₃OH have been chosen as gas molecules to study the adsorption properties based on zigzag (8,0) SWCNTs. The results demonstrate that the adsorption of O₂, CO_2, and CH₃OH gas molecules on pristine, Si-doped and B-doped SWCNTs are either physisorption or chemisorption. Moreover, the electronic properties indicating SWCNT shows significant improvement toward gas adsorption which provides the impact of selecting the best gas sensor materials towards detecting gas molecule. Therefore, these pristine, Si-, and B-doped SWCNTs can be considered to be very good potential candidates for sensing application.     

A frame‐based EM‐simulation for design of LC oscillator with MoM capacitor banks

This article presents a simulation method for the design of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). Electromagnetic (EM) simulations are essential and inevitable for modern LC oscillator design. Although EM‐simulators provide high accuracy, the EM‐simulation time is very long when metal‐oxide‐metal (MoM) capacitors are present. The proposed frame‐based EM‐simulation can significantly reduce the EM‐simulation time even in the presence of MoM capacitors without influencing the accuracy. To verify the proposed method, a DCO was fabricated using a 55‐nm CMOS process. Measurements of the DCO are in good agreement with the frame‐based post‐layout simulation results. In addition, the DCO has good performances with a low power consumption of approximately 0.68 mW.     

基于图像块能量梯度的多聚焦图像融合

针对多聚焦图像,提出一种基于图像分块的融合方法。将源图像分为大小相同数量相等的子块,采用能量梯度算子作为对焦评价函数,计算各个图像子块能量梯度匹配度,设置匹配度阈值分离出源图像中的清晰区域。源图像中的清晰区域直接作为融合图像相应的区域,其它区域的处理中,构造与相应子块能量梯度大小相关的图像序列,以及像素点到各个子块中心距离相关的融合函数,然后用融合函数对图像序列融合。实验结果表明该方法有效性和合理性。     

基于能量均衡的最大化覆盖目标算法

目标覆盖问题是无线传感网络WSNs(Wireless sensor networks)最重要的问题之一.每个目标至少被一个传感节点覆盖,为此提出基于能量均衡的最大化覆盖目标EMNL(Energy-balance-based Maximizing Network Lifetime)算法.EMNL算法将所有传感节点划分不同的传感节点覆盖区SC(Sensor Cover),致使每个SC能够维持对所有目标监测一个固定时间.通过有选择性选择一个SC活动,而其他SC休眠,进而提高能量利用率,延长了网络寿命.EMNL算法构建了不同不相邻SC,进而最大化网络寿命.最后,建立仿真环境,并进行性能仿真.此环境下的数据表明,在EMNL算法有效地扩延生存时间,也提升了覆盖率.