电解铝侧插自焙槽技术改造与环境保护

电解铝侧插自焙槽属于落后的生产工艺，由于其能耗高、物料消耗大、劳动强度大、环境污染严重，在国内电解铝中已开始进行大规模的淘汰改造。采用先进的预焙电解槽生产技术，降耗节能、改善生产劳动强度，环境污染得到有效治理，各项环境指标达标排放，经济技术指标提高，食业面貌发生了巨大大变化。     

Diurnal and environmental characterization of solar photovoltaic panels using a PC-AT add on plug in card

This article describes the development of an instrumentation system for characterizing photovoltaic panels. It uses an add on card (which contains DAC, ADC and digital input/output ports) in conjunction with a PC-AT. The panels in a field are selected in succession through a set of relays actuated by the digital output port. The selected panel is loaded in discreet steps by a transistor loading circuit which is activated by the digital to analog convertor to trace the most significant portion of the I-V curve. The data shows that the power output is invariably lower than that specified by the manufacturer. The reasons for drop in output have been analyzed. It is shown that these effects can be represented by the curvature of I-V characteristic at the maximum power point (OP). The loss of power due to accumulation of dust and the increase in temperature of the panels can be significant.     

The UK Renewable Energy programme

The UK Government has supported a programme on Renewable Energy since 1975. In 1988 progress was reviewed and this led to some redirection of the programme with greater emphasis on the commercial development of renewables, as published in Energy Paper 55.The climate in which Renewable Energy operates has been influenced recently by a number of factors including privatisation of the UK electricity supply industry, when the Government introduced the New Fossil Fuel Obligation and publication of the Government's 1990 White Paper on the Environment which noted that the Government is working towards a figure of new renewable energy generating capacity of 1000 MW by 2000.The paper aims to give an overview of the present state of development of the renewable technologies in the UK and to discuss some of the factors - technical and non-technical - which will affect their likely future development.     

An evaluation of possible EU air transport emissions trading scheme allocation methods

The European Commission has been requested by member states to study the incorporation of air transport into their existing emissions trading scheme (ETS). Only CO₂ is to be included, at least initially.     

四氯化碳生产中氯化反应的回火原因分析与对策

探讨了四氯化碳生产中氯化反应的回火原因及避免回火的对策 ,解决了生产中的实际问题     

High temperature low cycle fatigue

Fatigue at high temperature is a complex phenomenon as it is influenced by a number of time-dependent processes which become important at elevated temperatures. These processes include creep, oxidation, phase instabilities and dynamic strain ageing (DSA), acting either independently or synergistically influence fatigue behaviour, often lowering the fatigue life. Current design approaches employ linear summation of fatigue and creep damage with suitable factors on permissible damage to take care of uncertainties in interaction between cyclic and time-dependent processes. It is, therefore, important to develop a deeper understanding of the processes that occur during high temperature fatigue so that realistic life predictions could be made. Results on the high temperature fatigue behaviour of austenitic stainless steels, ferritic steels and nickel base alloys are presented here. The important mechanisms of interaction of high temperature time-dependent processes with fatigue under various conditions are discussed in detail. Emphasis is placed on cyclic stress response, fatigue life, deformation substructure and fracture behaviour. This is followed by a review of important life prediction techniques under combined creep-fatigue loading conditions. Life prediction techniques considered here include linear damage summation, strain range partitioning, ductility exhaustion approach, frequency modified and frequency separation methods, techniques based on hysteresis energy and damage rate models, and methods based on crack-cavitation interation models.     

磁头气膜浮动块浮动特性的影响因素

近年来，随着创新性技术的不断应用，硬盘驱动器的气膜浮动块（以下简称浮动块）也有了较大改进，例如浮动块表面的设计越来越精巧，而性能却更加稳定。因此很好的理解哪些因素是影响气膜浮动块浮动特性的主要原因显得尤为重要。分析这些因素对浮动块的影响结果，有利于我们改进浮动块的特性并对其发展前景做出预测，本文对这些影响因素做了概括总结。     

T型薄壁管节点应力集中系数有限元分析

通过有限元的方法,分析了T型薄壁管节点受平面内弯矩作用下的疲劳行为,得到了应力最大值的位置和拟合出用于预测T型薄壁管节点受平面内弯矩作用下的应力集中系数的参数公式。     

严格环境管理提高环境意识

环境伴随着经济的发展越来越体现了它的重要性,全社会应重视环境、保护环境,以预防为主,加强综合治理,使我们的天更蓝、水更净、草更绿,到处充满着春的意境.     

Balancing energy and environment: The effect and perspective of management instruments in China

The rapid growth of Chinese economy has tremendously stimulated the expansion of energy consumption. The structure of energy consumption in China is featured with the coal domination. Air pollution is becoming increasingly severe. As a result, we are confronted with the extremely arduous task to balance energy consumption and environmental protection. In order to coordinate the relationship between energy consumption and environmental protection in a strategic way, this paper analyzes comprehensively the instruments, effects and perspectives of energy-related environmental management. Meanwhile, this paper illustrates the barriers and challenges facing the energy and energy-related environmental management in China, and suggests a priority strategy of management instrument, mainly composed of energy-saving, optimization of energy structure, promulgation of environmental standards, advance in environmental technologies, internalization of environmental costs, establishment of a public benefit fund and adoption of a Renewable Portfolio System.