Environmental Effects of Hydro-Electric Power Generation in Africa and the Potential for Artificial Floods

Electricity is a fundamental requirement for economic growth, and hydro-electric power is often thought to be environmentally benign. However, the construction and operation of many hydro-power dams in Africa have had significant negative impacts on the environment and rural economies. Reduced downstream flooding has destroyed fisheries and starved the floodplain soils of moisture and nutrients. Often the worst-affected areas have no electrification and therefore do not benefit from power generation. New dams which are planned in Kenya and Tanzania have been specifically designed to make flood releases. This will allow electricity to be generated whilst maintaining a dynamic flooding pattern for the short-term economic importance of fisheries and agriculture and the longer-term importance of soil fertility and biodiversity. Involvement of local community representatives in deciding when flood waters should be released on the Phongolo River in South Africa has resulted in substantial benefits to floodplain users.     

中国选煤的现状与发展

论述了中国选煤是洁净煤的基础、选煤现状，分析了能源结构，指出了今后中国选煤技术开发的重点。     

凝析油资源现状及利用

随着燕山石化、金山石化、扬子石化乙烯改造工程相继完成，石脑油的需求将不断提高，通过利用凝析油可以增加化工轻油的来源，起到稳定石脑油市场的作用。现对全球，特别是亚太地区凝析油的资源、生产、销售及未来的发展进行初步分析，并提出相应建议。     

Light and color,some ethical issues

This is a comment to the editorial by J. Hutchings on “Talking about Color… and Ethics.” © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 233–235, 2007     

Bioactive compounds in rye flours with different extraction rates

Rye flours with extraction rate of 100% (wholemeal flour), 95% (brown flour), 90% (brown flour) and 70% (light flour) were prepared in order to study the relation between flour extraction rates and content of bioactive compounds. The following compounds were analysed: total phenolic compounds (TPC), total flavonoids (TF), inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione, tocopherols (T) and tocotrienols (T3). The reduced/oxidized glutathione status (GSH/GSSG) of the flours was examined as a potential index of flour resistance against oxidative stress. The following observations were made in relation to the flour extraction rates and bioactive compounds contents: (a) milling process caused decrease in content in TPC, TF, IP6, GSH and GSSG, T and T3, (b) the most resistant against oxidation processes were suggested a brown flours, then light and finally wholemeal flour, (c) the ratio of tocotrienols to tocopherols (T3/T) was the highest in rye flours with extraction rate of 100–90% whereas light flour was the poorest source of tocopherols and tocotrienols. The provided data support current trend to increase number of rye products from wholemeal or brown flours.     

中国进口沥青市场分析

分析国内中长期沥青需求，分析我国近十年的沥青进出口状况及主要进口国的产销情况，分析影响沥青进口的因素尤其是进口关税对进口量的影响和进口的发展趋势。     

磷矿山环境污染的形成与防治

以湖北省黄麦岭、荆襄磷矿为研究对象，分析了造成磷矿山环境污染的污染源类型及特点，并从矿石特征、矿山生产环节、区域自然环境条件等方面，讨论了对矿山污染的制约和影响，以此，有针对性地提出防治矿山污染的对策和措施。     

电解铝侧插自焙槽技术改造与环境保护

电解铝侧插自焙槽属于落后的生产工艺，由于其能耗高、物料消耗大、劳动强度大、环境污染严重，在国内电解铝中已开始进行大规模的淘汰改造。采用先进的预焙电解槽生产技术，降耗节能、改善生产劳动强度，环境污染得到有效治理，各项环境指标达标排放，经济技术指标提高，食业面貌发生了巨大大变化。     

高功率激光焊接光致等离子体的检测

系统地归纳了高功率激光焊接过程中光致等离子体的声、光、电、热等四种特征信号,综述了国外在等离子体信号检测方面的试验方法及研究进展,分析了未来的发展趋势。     

国外柴油机用粉末冶金气门阀座概述

概述了国外粉末冶金气门阀座的制造工艺特点,简要介绍了国外柴油机用粉末冶金气门阀座材料的性能水平。