论现阶段我国的教育机会均等

教育机会均等是现代国家在教育的改革与发展中一直关注和努力实现的基本目标之一。本文从教育机会均等的内涵出发,结合我国基础教育和高等教育的实际,探讨了我国目前的教育机会均等实现状况和存在的问题。     

公平与效率的内在统一——构建社会主义和谐社会的重要因素

近些年来我国经济社会生活中出现的新问题和新矛盾,特别是收入差距过分扩大,党中央多次强调提出应更加重视社会公平与效率的内在统一.通过对公平与效率关系的几点探讨,提出只有实现公平与效率的有机统一才能更好地促进社会和谐.     

综合性公园公共交通可达性及规划配置均衡性

公共交通出行方式下,综合性公园的可达性及配置的均衡性是评价城市公园绿地配置和本地居民享有公共服务设施权利的重要指标。以南京市为例,建立公共交通复合网络,以时间成本距离分析综合性公园服务的区域水平和基于站点位置的可达性;以基尼系数判断全局和15分钟生活圈下综合性公园分布的均衡性及贡献度;建立新公园选址采样点,分析增加新公园选址后的基尼系数变化的空间分布。结果表明：以可达性为前提,以基尼系数为衡量指标,可以量化分析公园分布均衡性,通过基尼系数更新变化的空间分布,可以明确新规划公园对综合性公园分布均衡性的影响,能够确定优化选址区域。为城市新综合性公园规划提供量化的区域范围参考,优化城市公园布局并提高城市公园可达性和分布均衡性。     

Unequal access to energy efficiency in US multifamily rental housing: opportunities to improve

The energy efficiency of US multifamily rental housing is compared with other housing types. A real and growing energy efficiency gap is documented, particularly for lower income households. Findings are based on data from the 2005 and 2009 US Residential Energy Consumption Survey (RECS). Individual energy efficiency features related to HVAC (heating, ventilation and cooling) systems, appliances, and the building envelope are analysed along with weighted and unweighted total energy efficiency indices. Multifamily units occupied by low income renters had 4.1 fewer energy efficiency features in 2005 and 4.7 fewer in 2009 compared with other households. If the number of efficiency features was on par with other housing, the savings could be in the range of US$200–400 per year for most lower-income renters in multifamily buildings. There is an astonishing lack of information on how efficiency retrofits would affect property (real estate) metrics such as cash flow and value. Available evidence suggests that millions of US properties could be good retrofit investment opportunities. Better efficiency would allow renters to increase spending on food, healthcare and other essentials. This is not only an economic issue: it has implications for household health, social equity and environmental problems tied to energy consumption.     

考虑历史排放赤字的电力初始碳排放权公理化公平分配方法

公平性是电力碳排放权无偿分配的首要问题,而如何考虑历史排放赤字的影响往往是分配是否公平的焦点之一。为此,建立了基于Shapley值的历史排放赤字分摊模型,解决了历史排放赤字在减排年份的分摊问题,并对分配模型进行了公理化处理。根据"谁引起、谁负责"的原则,建立了历史排放赤字在各机组间的分摊模型,解决了历史排放赤字对不同机组排放求偿权的削减问题。进一步地,通过分配方法的一致性约束,建立了考虑历史排放赤字的初始碳排放权分配模型。此外,通过对自主参与分配机制下博弈行为的研究,证明了博弈均衡的存在性,并给出了考虑历史排放赤字分配模型的匿名性、有效性和单位选择无关性的证明,对公平排序性进行了讨论。最后,通过电力碳排放权分配的算例表明,所提方法可满足公平分配的基本要求,且易为各方所接受。     

浅析私募股权投资在我国资源型企业改制上市中的作用

私募股权投资基金是一项金融创新,指面向特定对象非公开发行的基金,投资于未上市公司的股权,一般不谋求对被投资企业的长期控制,而是帮助被投资企业上市并在其上市后通过二级市场减持,以实现资本增值后的退出。在证券市场公开发行上市对企业的主体资格、公司治理、财务状况、未来发展等方面有非常严格的要求。而拟上市资源型企业由于历史原因,普遍存在种种不规范之处,造成上市的障碍。私募股权投资基金作为新型的金融资本不仅解决企业发展的长期资金需求、而且能完善法人治理结构、强化企业内部控制机制、通过多层次的金融服务提升企业的竞争力,促使和帮助公司解决历史遗留问题、合法规范经营,尽快达到公众公司的要求,为上市扫清障碍。     

上市公司偏好股权筹资的研究

确定合理的资本结构是公司筹资决策的重要内容之一，我国上市公司资本结构主要特征是偏好股权融资.主要运用委托代理理论，从股东期望收益最大化目标出发，将经理的报酬与权益资本的利润率相联系，同时也分析了经理经营的风险成本及经理努力成本的不同构成，建立企业筹资决策的激励约束模型，并对影响资本结构的因素加以分析，从而确定企业最优资本结构.同时，利用该模型对我国上市公司更偏好于股权融资的现象做出合理的解释.     

Study on Influencing Factors of Capital Structure of Energy Listed Companies

Based on the determinative factors school of capital structure theory, this paper uses the data of 35 Chinese energy listed companies from 2000 to 2003, and adopts multi-variable regression method to make an empirical study of the influencing factors of their capital structure. The results indicate that the factors of size, income volatility, and the concentration of owner‘s equity have positive relation with the capital structure, while the relation between profitability and capital structure is negative. It is also found that the influencing of growth and secured asset on the capital structure are relatively insignificant.     

论所有者权益结构及其优化

本文在分析所有者权益结构对企业经营和财务影响的基础上,初步提出优化所有者权益结构的量化指标,并对优化环境提出初步评价．     

Predicting student attitudes about racial diversity and gender equity.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 4(3) of Journal of Diversity in Higher Education (see record 2011-16523-001). There are two errors in Table 2 under the RWA heading and the Cog-gender heading. The necessary changes are provided in the erratum.] [Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Journal of Diversity in Higher Education on August 1 2011 (see record 2011-16523-001). There are two errors in Table 2. Under the RWA heading, the SDO row should have indicated a positive correlation of .266**, not -.266**. Under the Cog-gender heading, the SDO row should have indicated a negative correlation of -.438**, not .438**.] Factors related to attitudes about racial diversity and gender equity were examined in an ethnically diverse sample of 432 college students (167 European Americans, 83 African Americans, 81 Asian Americans, and 82 Hispanic Americans). In addition to variables of self-interest (i.e., ethnicity, gender, and political views), social ideology (i.e., social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism) and personality traits (openness to experience) were uniquely predictive of attitudes about racial diversity and gender equity. Hierarchical regressions revealed that social dominance orientation most strongly predicted racial attitudes, while right-wing authoritarianism most strongly predicted gender attitudes. Implications for diversity education efforts related to prejudice reduction are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)