不同缝面形态下诱导缝开裂效果对比研究

一些采用径向扭缝的碾压混凝土拱坝工程中,出现了诱导缝周边坝体混凝土开裂而诱导缝本身未张开的现象,因此需定量分析不同空间形态缝面对诱导缝开裂的影响效果。根据碾压混凝土拱坝应力变化特点以及诱导缝开裂变化规律,本文拟定含不同缝面空间形态的有限大平板和圆筒拱坝算例,利用虚拟裂纹闭合法和Richard脆性断裂准则获取空间缝面等效应力强度因子,研究缝面应力强度因子随缝面夹角的变化规律;通过对归一化后的应力强度因子求倒数,获取不同缝面夹角条件下诱导缝等效强度的修正系数即缝面空间形态影响因子,以反映不同缝面空间形态下诱导缝开裂效果。研究表明,随着缝面夹角的不断增大,缝面越不容易张开,这就意味着缝面的等效强度在逐渐增大。因此,在实际碾压混凝土拱坝设计中,诱导缝应尽量采用竖向垂直缝布置;若要布置成径向扭缝,则缝面夹角最大不宜超过10°。     

化工搅拌器的参数优选

本文提出了确定化工用搅拌器搅拌时间的一种简单试验方法,并用正交表安排寻找最佳搅拌参数的试验和整理试验数据,得到了有实用价值的结果。     

基于广义Hoek-Brown准则的节理岩体力学参数折剪计算

节理化岩体力学参数是矿山工程地质和稳定性分析的重要基础数据,一般在实验室通过单轴、三轴试验只能得到岩石的力学参数,无法得到岩体的力学参数。目前,利用岩石力学参数确定岩体力学参数的方法较多,但都过于烦琐或准确度不高,急需一种新的简易确定方法。因此,通过利用基于广义Hoek-Brown准则的地质强度指标（GSI法）,并结合相应的岩土分析软件,强度折剪岩石力学参数值,从而得到岩体的力学参数。通过将该方法应用于赤峰中色白音诺尔矿业有限公司岩体力学参数的计算中,证明采用该方法考虑岩体的结构面和完整性,可较为准确地反映节理化岩体的力学特性,且方便可行,具有工程实用价值。?     

基于A-VFSA粒子发生器的PSO算法的研究

对超快速模拟退火算法进行改进(A-VFSA),并以此为粒子发生器,提出了PSO-PG算法.该算法通过粒子发生器对搜索域内粒子进行改进,从而生成一个精英粒子池;并根据随机策略从粒子池中选择粒子,作为初始种群,采用PSO算法进行优化,得到全局最优解.相比于标准PSO算法和LDW算法,PSO-PG算法拥有更好的稳定性和优化精度,能够更加快速地收敛到全局最优解,在一定范围内几乎不依赖于初始参数的选择.     

流变参数对顺序共注成型芯层熔体最大填充量的影响

基于Hele-Shaw模型，采用有限元数值模拟技术，系统研究了壳层熔体流变指数和零切黏度对顺序共注成型芯层熔体最大填充量的影响规律，并基于流变学理论揭示了其影响机理，最终提出了顺序共注成型芯层熔体最大填充量与壳层熔体流变指数和零切黏度经验关系方程。     

Electrochemical characterization of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonate/aluminium(III) aqueous solutions

8-Hydroxyquinoline-5-sulphonate/Al(III) aqueous solutions were studied both by potentiometric titrations and voltammetric measurements, in order to obtain the number, the stoichiometry and the stability constants of the complexes formed at equilibrium, and to evaluate the redox and (electro)kinetic properties of the free ligand and of the metal/ligand complexes. The complexes formed in 0.2 m (Na)Cl aqueous solution (stability log beta values ± standard deviation) are AlL⁺ (8.95 ± 0.05), AlL₂⁻ (17.43 ± 0.03) and AlL₃³⁻ (24.58 ± 0.05), where “L” denotes the free ligand in the completely deprotonated form (L²⁻, pK_a1 = 3.910 ± 0.008, pK_a2 = 8.319 ± 0.004). AlL₃³⁻ is the predominant Al(III) species in a very wide range of pH, metal and ligand concentrations and metal-to-ligand ratios. The free ligand shows an oxidation wave at 0.62 V versus SCE. The proposed oxidation mechanism includes a first reversible one-electron oxidation of the ligand, followed by a coupling reaction and by a second reversible one-electron oxidation, and finally by a decomposition reaction. The addition of Al(III) lowers the intensity of the oxidation wave due to the formation of the redox-inactive complex AlL₃³⁻. A residual low signal was attributed to the free ligand produced by the complex dissociation, AlL₃³⁻ = AlL₂⁻ + L²⁻. All the kinetic parameters involved in the ligand oxidation and in the complex disruption were calculated on the basis of the agreement between experimental and simulated linear sweep and cyclic voltammetries. Correctness of the mechanisms proposed was further confirmed “a posteriori” by the agreement between potentiometric and linear sweep voltammetric results. The low residual signal observed in the presence of fully formed complex was attributed to the free ligand produced by the complex dissociation, having a kinetic constant estimated 0.2 s⁻¹.     

Dependence of oil stability index of fatty compounds on their structure and concentration and presence of metals

During storage and use, vegetable oil-derived industrial products such as biodiesel and biodegradable lubricants can be subjected to conditions that promote oxidation of their unsaturated components. The materials arising during oxidation and subsequent degradation can seriously impair the quality and performance of such products. Therefore, oxidative stability is a significant issue facing these vegetable oil-derived products, and enhanced understanding of the influence of various components of vegetable oils and storage parameters is necessary. In this work, the oil stability index (OSI) was used for assessing oxidation of monoalkyl esters of FA by varying several parameters. Neat fatty compounds and prepared mixtures thereof were studied for assessing the influence of compound structure and concentration. Small amounts of more highly unsaturated compounds had a disproportionately strong effect on oxidative stability. The recently developed concept of bis-allylic equivalents correlated more closely than the iodine value with the OSI times of mixtures of fatty esters. The OSI times of free acids were shorter than those of the corresponding alkyl esters. The presence of copper, iron, and nickel also reduced oxidative stability, but their effect was less than the presence of more highly unsaturated fatty compounds. Of these metals, copper had the strongest catalytic effect on OSI time. OSI may be an alternative to long-term storage tests for determining the influence of extraneous materials such as metals on oxidative stability.     

Influence of operation variables on quality parameters of olive husk oil extracted with CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>: Three-step sequential extraction

Supercritical CO₂ extraction is a viable alternative process for the extraction of high-quality oil from olive husk (also known as olive pomace), a residue obtained in the production of olive oil. We analyzed the effect of pressure (100–300 bar), temperature (40–60°C), solvent flow (1–1.5 L/min), and particle size (0.30–0.55 mm) on four important quality parameters of the oil extracted with CO₂: tocopherol concentration, extinction coefficients at 232 and 270 nm, and saponification value. Response surface methodology was used to obtain mathematical expressions related to the operating variables and parameters studied. Results from these experiments were also used to design a three-step sequential CO₂ extraction procedure to obtain a higher-quality extract. The optimal operational sequence consisted of a first extraction step at 75 bar for 1 h using 1% (vol/vol) ethanol modifier, followed by a second extraction stage at 350 bar for 2.5 h without ethanol and a third step, also at 350 bar, for 2.5 h but using ethanol. These extraction conditions obtained an intermediate fraction of oil with 64% yield and all normal parameters according to European Commission food legislation. This fraction is suitable without any further refining. On the contrary, the oils obtained by hexane extraction and by conventional supercritical CO₂ extraction at optimal conditions are suitable for human consumption after further refining. This last finding may result in improved economics of the sequential CO₂ extraction process compared to the conventional extraction method with hexane.     

Mathematical model for the pultrusion of blocked PU–UP matrix composites

The thermokinetic behavior of blocked polyurethane (PU)–unsaturated polyester (UP)–based composites during the pultrusion of glass‐fiber‐reinforced composites was investigated utilizing a mathematical model that accounted for the heat transfer and heat generation during curing. The equations of continuity and energy balance, coupled with a kinetic expression for the curing system, were solved using a finite difference method to calculate the temperature profiles and conversion profiles in the thickness direction in a rectangular pultrusion die. A kinetic model, dP/dt = A exp(?E/RT)P^m(1 ? P)ⁿ, was proposed to describe the curing behavior of a blocked PU–UP resin. Kinetic parameters for the model were obtained from dynamic differential scanning calorimetry scans using a multiple regression technique, which was able to predict the effects of processing parameters on the pultrusion. The effects of processing parameters including pulling speed, die wall temperature, and die thickness on the performance of the pultrusion also were evaluated. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1996–2002, 2003     

安钢二炼焦加热集散控制系统

安钢二炼焦焦炉加热控制系统根据蓄热室温度，建立了可靠的数学模型，通过控制加热煤气的压力和烟道废气吸力实现加热的自动控制，并实现参数无纸记录，日报表的自动生成，设备巡检的记录等功能。