主成分融合在干旱区盐渍地信息提取中的应用研究

土壤盐渍化严重威胁着干旱区绿洲的稳定与可持续发展,因此借助遥感手段快速提取盐渍地信息并掌握其空间分布有着重要的现实意义。本文以渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲为例,探讨了基于主成分融合的干旱区盐渍地信息的提取方法。由于Landsat-7 ETM 的全色波段与多光谱波段有相同的太阳高度角和其他环境条件,影像获取时间一致,两种不同分辨率的数据可以不经配准而实现高精度融合。首先,对2001年的遥感影像数据(ETM影像)进行几何校正;再利用主成分融合技术,将多波段的ETM 影像与对应的全色波段影像进行主成分融合,在此基础上进行盐渍地信息的提取。实验表明,该方法的结果分类精度较高,与实地调查结果基本相符,是监测干旱区盐渍地变化的有效手段。结果表明:盐渍地主要分布在绿洲的和沙漠之间的交错带,盐渍地的分布在绿洲内部呈条形状分布,而在绿洲外部呈片状分布,且绿洲外部重度盐渍地交错分布在中轻度盐渍地中。研究结果对于干旱区绿洲盐渍地的合理开发和可持续发展有着重要现实意义。     

LMI-based robust admissible control for uncertain singular delta operator systems

This paper investigates the problem of state feedback robust admissible control for singular delta operator systems with norm-bounded coefficient matrix uncertainties. A necessary and sufficient condition is derived to ensure the admissibility of the closed-loop singular delta operator system for all allowable uncertainties. Then, by specifying the structure of some matrix variables, the existence condition and explicit expression of a robust admissible controller are obtained in terms of strict linear matrix inequalities. Moreover, from the relation between singular discrete systems and singular delta operator systems, the corresponding results are also presented for uncertain singular discrete systems. Finally, some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results in this paper.     

H ∞ output tracking control for delta operator systems with insensitivity to controller coefficient variations

The problem of designing insensitive H _∞ output tracking controller for discrete-time systems is studied in a unified framework by using the delta operator approach. A type of coefficient sensitivity performance measure is first developed tomeasure the sensitivity of the transfer function with respect to controller coefficient variations, and the corresponding controller design problem is naturally reformulated as a mixed-objective H _∞ control problem. It is worth mentioning that a novel bounded real lemma (BRL), i.e. Theorem 1 in this article, for delta operator systems is obtained, which is adapted to deal with the multi-objective optimisation problem or polytopic uncertain systems in a potentially less conservative framework. Then, based on the novel lemma, an linear matrix inequality (LMI)-based design method is proposed for achieving the output tracking purpose. Finally, a numerical example based on the linearised model of F-18 aircraft is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

黄河三角洲水土资源空间匹配格局探析

水土资源二者在空间上的匹配程度直接影响着区域农业的可持续发展、资源的可持续利用。本文以黄河三角洲中心城市东营市及所辖区县为研究区域,分析了该区域水土资源空间分布的差异、构建了水土资源匹配测算模型、测算了水土资源匹配系数、划分了水土资源空间匹配程度。结果表明:该区域水土资源总体呈现出"土地资源丰富,水资源缺乏"的态势;东营市水土资源匹配系数为0.19万m3/hm2,低于山东省平均水平0.30万m3/hm2,更远远低于全国平均水平1.72万m3/hm2,东营市各区县水土资源匹配系数利津县最低0.07万m3/hm2,广饶县最高0.42万m3/hm2,相差达到0.35万m3/hm2。研究区水土资源空间匹配程度总体呈现出"南高、北次之、中间低"的格局;地表水资源短缺、地下淡水资源非常有限,是导致黄河三角洲水土资源空间匹配程度差的主要限制因子。     

Robust sigma–delta generalised proportional integral observer based control of a ‘buck’ converter with uncertain loads

This article describes the design of an observer based robust linear output feedback controller for the regulation and output reference trajectory tracking tasks in switched ‘buck’ converter circuits feeding a completely unknown time-varying load. The state-dependent perturbation effects of the unknown load resistance are on-line estimated by means of a generalised proportional integral (GPI) observer, which represents the dual counterpart of GPI controllers introduced in Fliess, Márquez, Delaleau and Sira-Ramírez (Fliess, M., Márquez, R., Delaleau, E., and Sira-Ramírez, H. (2002), ‘Correcteurs Proportionnels-intégraux Géneralisés’, ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations, 7, 23–41). The reconstructed perturbation complements the controller in a cancellation effort which allows the core of the feedback controller to become a traditional proportional derivative (PD) controller. The designed average feedback controller is then implemented via a sigma–delta-modulator, which effectively translates the designed continuous average feedback control input signal into a discrete valued switched input signal driving the converter's input switch and preserving all relevant features of the average design. The Appendix collects some generalities about GPI observers.     

济阳坳陷西部馆陶组浅水辫状河三角洲沉积

通过对砂体平面展布形态、岩性和岩相组合、泥岩及砂岩的颜色、测井曲线形态及沉积背景的研究,证实了济阳坳陷西部馆陶组发育浅水条件下的辫状河三角洲沉积,而不是陆上的河流相沉积.临盘油田大卢家地区馆三段主要发育浅水辫状河三角洲前缘亚相,并细分为水下辫状河道、河道间、前缘席状砂3种沉积微相.     

Hepatitis a virus and poliovirus 1 inactivation in estuarine water

The hepatitis A virus (HAV) and poliovirus 1 were added to estuarine water samples and their stability in maintenance medium was compared to that in water samples untreated and treated by heat and filtration. The inactivation curves show that the inactivating factor is biological in nature.     

Flame propagation enhancement by plasma excitation of oxygen. Part II: Effects of O2(aΔg)

The isolated effect of O₂(a¹Δ_g) on the propagation of C₂H₄ lifted flames was studied at reduced pressures (3.61 kPa and 6.73 kPa). The O₂(a¹Δ_g) was produced in a microwave discharge plasma and was isolated from O and O₃ by NO addition to the plasma afterglow in a flow residence time on the order of 1 s. The concentrations of O₂(a¹Δ_g) and O₃ were measured quantitatively through absorption by sensitive off-axis integrated-cavity-output spectroscopy and one-pass line-of-sight absorption, respectively. Under these conditions, it was found that O₂(a¹Δ_g) enhanced the propagation speed of C₂H₄ lifted flames. Comparison with the results of enhancement by O₃ found in part I of this investigation provided an estimation of 2-3% of flame speed enhancement for 5500 ppm of O₂(a¹Δ_g) addition from the plasma. Numerical simulation results using the current kinetic model of O₂(a¹Δ_g) over-predicts the flame propagation enhancement found in the experiments. However, the inclusion of collisional quenching rate estimations of O₂(a¹Δ_g) by C₂H₄ mitigated the over-prediction. The present isolated experimental results of the enhancement of a hydrocarbon fueled flame by O₂(a¹Δ_g), along with kinetic modeling results suggest that further studies of C_nH_m + O₂(a¹Δ_g) collisional and reactive quenching are required in order to correctly predict combustion enhancement by O₂(a¹Δ_g). The present experimental results will have a direct impact on the development of elementary reaction rates with O₂(a¹Δ_g) at flame conditions to establish detailed plasma-flame kinetic mechanisms.     

A rigorous small area modelling-study for the helicobacter pylori epidemiology

This paper presents an investigation into spatial risk differences over small distances for the Helicobacter pylori infection in the city of Leipzig, Germany and two rural districts. A model, using Bayesian inference, was developed that adjusts the risk for individual-specific factors, and for spatial or individual over-dispersion, respectively. Additionally, the model takes into account conditional spatial autocorrelation. We found a significant positive association to the H. pylori infection risk for: “more than three children live in the household” (OR = 2.4, p = 0.001), “more persons live per sq.m than average” (OR = 1.4, p = 0.03), “home situated at main road” (OR = 1.4, p = 0.04) and “using well water” (OR = 2.3, p = 0.05). A protective effect was identified for “travelled to low prevalence region” (OR = 0.4, p < 0.0001) and “born in Germany” (OR = 0.2, p < 0.0001). Three administrative areas with significantly increased spatial risk were identified: one in the rural district and two in the city of Leipzig. The model explained 24.9% of the total deviance. Contrary to expectations, the largest part of deviance of the data was not explained by the identified significant risk factors, but by individual-specific heterogeneities. We conclude that further - so far not discussed - factors influence the risk and the spatial variation of the H.pylori infection. Furthermore, from the results we speculate about a possible impact of long-time air pollution and surface water.     

中等井网密度控制下的浅水三角洲相隔夹层研究--以渤中25-1南油田为例

隔夹层是储层非均质性研究的重要内容。通过岩心观察,结合评价井的测井资料和取心分析结果,建立了浅 水三角洲相隔夹层的划分标准,将其划分成四种类型。归纳总结了各类隔夹层的成因、岩性、电性和孔渗特征。依 据测井地质资料,对研究区100余口井目的层段的隔夹层进行了划分和统计。通过分析各层段的隔层厚度等值线 图,建立了研究区浅水三角洲相隔层的四种展布模式。针对各种模式的展布特点,对开发层系的划分和井网的布 置提出了合理的建议。