基于模糊相似度的实值属性信息系统规则约简

为了克服传统的规则约简方法容易导致信息丢失和约简错误的不足，提出了一种对实值属性信息系统进行规则约简的算法.该算法在粗糙集理论的基础上，把模糊集合相似度引入到信息系统的规则约简中，通过把每一个实值属性的取值归一化，使得每一条规则所对应的条件属性值都落在0到1范围内；并且把每一条规则看作一个模糊集合，通过模糊集合的相似性来考察规则的相似性；在规则约简过程中，用改进的模糊集合相似度参数进行规则约简，并针对国际水稻信息系统（IRIS）数据库进行了实验.结果表明，该算法能够正确地对实值属性信息系统进行规则约简.     

A physico-chemical properties based model for estimating evaporation and absorption rates of perfumes from skin

Because of their potential for inducing allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) if used improperly, perfumes are carefully assessed for dermal safety prior to incorporation into cosmetic products. Exposure assessment for these materials often involves the conservative assumption of 100% absorption of each component. This report describes an improved method to estimate the absorption and evaporation of perfume ingredients from skin, based on their physico-chemical properties. The effect of environmental variables such as temperature and wind velocity can be accounted for in a logical way. This was accomplished using a first-order kinetic approach expected to be applicable for small doses applied to skin. Skin penetration rate was calculated as a fraction of the maximum flux estimated from the compound's lipid solubility, S(lip) (represented by the product of octanol/water partition coefficient, K(octt), and water solubility, S(w)), and molecular weight, MW. Evaporation rates were estimated from a modified Henry's Law approach with a stagnant boundary layer whose thickness is a function of surface airflow, v. At a given value of v, evaporation rate was assumed proportional to the ratio P(vp)/S(lip), where P(vp) is the vapour pressure of the ingredient at skin temperature, T. The model predicts a relationship for total evaporation from skin of the form %evap = 100x/(k+x) where x = P(vp)MW(2.7)/(K(oct)S(w)) and k is a parameter which depends only on v and T. Comparison with published data on perfume evaporation from human skin in vivo showed good agreement between theory and experiment for two closely related perfume mixtures (r(2) = 0.52-0.74, s = 12-14%, n = 10). Thus, the method would seem to have a good prospect of providing skin absorption estimates suitable for use in exposure assessment and improved understanding of dose-related contact allergy.     

Effect of polyglycerol esters of fatty acids on physicochemical properties and stability of β‐carotene nanodispersions prepared by emulsification/evaporation method

The effects of six different polyglycerol esters of fatty acids (PGEs) as nonionic emulsifiers on the physicochemical properties and stability of β‐carotene nanoparticles in oil‐in‐water dispersions produced by an emulsification/evaporation technique were examined. The β‐carotene particle size was measured by a laser diffraction technique, and the stability and retention of β‐carotene during various preparation steps and storage were determined by HPLC. In the prepared nanodispersions the β‐carotene particle size decreased with increasing degree of glycerol polymerisation and decreasing carbon number of the fatty acid group in the PGE. The particle size of β‐carotene in nanodispersions containing polyglycerol monooleate was generally larger than that in the presence of polyglycerol monolaurate. During storage at 4 °C, although the β‐carotene content in the nanodispersions showed a significant ( P < 0.05) decrease with increasing storage period, the size distribution of β‐carotene was almost unchanged in all prepared nanodispersions. In general, the mean diameter of β‐carotene nanoparticles ranged from 85 to 132 nm. In the light of their ability to physically stabilise β‐carotene particle formation, it is suggested that PGEs with a high degree of glycerol polymerisation may be useful in the preparation of β‐carotene nanodispersions. The best stabilisation was obtained using 10 g kg^?1 decaglycerol monolaurate. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

基于知识点的CAI系统的应用研究

提出了以知识点为基础的CAI设计系统。系统采用三层网络访问模式，与传统的CAI系统相比提高了数据利用和共享效率。     

电网仿真备自投智能建模系统

由于电网运行方式变化及其复杂结构,导致备自投模型建模困难,因此提出一种备自投智能建模与自动生成方法。基于变电站的拓扑结构与运行状态,实现对其拓扑结构的智能识别。通过深度优化搜索方法,确定设备间隔模型,继而采用专家规则,考虑拓扑间隔的相互影响,完成备自投的建模。通过三组不同的案例,说明提出的备自投建模方法适应电网不同接线与运行方式,可及时准确建模。结果表明该方法简单实用,可更好地仿真实际备自投动作逻辑。     

Vapour pressure of a fragrance ingredient during evaporation in a simple emulsion

The phase diagram water, phenethyl alcohol and laureth 4 was determined and the variation of the vapour pressure of the alcohol was determined during evaporation using gas chromatographic head-space analysis. The phase changes during evaporation were estimated from the phase diagram and compared to the appearance of the emulsion using optical microscopy. The transfer of the fragrance ingredient between different phases during the process was estimated and its measured vapour pressures compared to those calculated from values of earlier determination in different phases in the system. The agreement was good.     

油菜籽品种对浓香菜籽油风味及综合品质的影响

分别以双低油菜籽及传统油菜籽为原料,在相同条件下制取浓香菜籽油,采用溶剂辅助蒸发装置结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪对两种菜籽油中挥发性成分的种类和含量进行测定,并利用偏最小二乘判别分析（partial least squares discriminant analysis,PLS-DA）、气味活度值（odor activity value,OAV）对挥发性成分进行数据分析,确定导致两种菜籽油感官风味差异的关键挥发性风味成分,同时结合感官评价、脂肪酸组成、氨基酸组成、营养成分等指标分析比较两种菜籽油综合品质的差异。结果显示,双低菜籽油及传统菜籽油中分别检出12 类82 种和11 类90 种挥发性成分,总量分别为22 377.88、157 512.98 μg/kg,其中硫苷降解产物总量分别为3 311.07、146 492.82 μg/kg,酚类物质总量分别为12 125.47、4 613.03 μg/kg。利用PLS-DA结合OAV最终确定了13 种最重要的特征风味物质,分别为6-甲基硫基己腈、5-甲硫基戊腈、苯代丙腈、3-丁烯基异硫氰酸酯、苯乙腈、反-2-癸烯醛、正己醇、芳樟醇、乙基苯、苯乙醇、椰子醛、4-乙烯基-2,6-二甲氧基苯酚、3-甲基巴豆腈,其中6-甲基硫基己腈、苯乙腈、芳樟醇、5-甲硫基戊腈、苯代丙腈、3-丁烯基异硫氰酸酯6 种成分均对菜籽油独特的辛辣味具有贡献,且苯乙腈、芳樟醇仅在传统菜籽油中检出;正己醇、苯乙醇、椰子醛则在双低菜籽油中含量更高,对菜籽油的甜味具有重要影响;感官评价表明双低菜籽油的甜味优于传统菜籽油,而传统菜籽油辛辣味更强。双低菜籽油中未检出芥酸,而传统菜籽油中芥酸含量高达30.25%;双低菜籽油中VE和甾醇总含量均高于传统菜籽油。研究结果为不同香型浓香菜籽油的生产提供了原料选择和气味标识的支持。     

基于改进Petri网技术的智能操作票系统的应用

在Petri网模型构建的操作票知识库的基础上,利用Petri网的动态行为设计相应推理机制,使推理过程形式化,实现推理过程与规则表示的完全分离,提高了电网调度操作票专家系统的通用性和灵活性;同时,改进后的推理方法通过改变Petri网的运行规则和引入抑制弧,并利用Petri网技术对操作任务进行分解,对子任务建立基本Petri网,简化了推理过程,提高了推理效率,解决了"状态组合爆炸"问题。实例表明,改进Petri网的推理机制可有效提高操作票专家系统的适应性。     

真空盐卤水浓缩技术的探索与应用

本论述了我公司对真空制盐卤水浓缩技术的创新探索背景。简要介绍了探索改造卤水浓缩器的技术方案概要及应用效果。     

结晶蒸发技术用于KP木浆黑液蒸发

介绍了结晶蒸发技术在木浆黑液蒸发中的应用,黑液固形物的浓度提高到76%,提高了碱回收炉的热效率.