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61.
62.
X-ray microtomography: Application to microstructure analysis of a cementitious material during leaching process 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Leaching of cementitious materials leads to an increase in porosity, which has important consequences on transport and mechanical properties. The present study outlines the characterization of microstructural evolution in a mortar subjected to a chemical attack, by means of a powerful non-intrusive experimental method, namely synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography. This innovative method is used to measure the variation of porosity in a leached mortar. Having described the effects of leaching in mortar (influences on microstructure and on mechanical properties), we present the accelerated leaching process and the microtomographic analysis that have been used to monitor it. We then investigate the capacity of this method to quantify the evolution of porosity during the leaching process. The method is validated by comparison of the results obtained with data available in the literature. 相似文献
63.
64.
H. Ji D. Chopp J. E. Dolbow 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2002,54(8):1209-1233
A hybrid numerical method for modelling the evolution of sharp phase interfaces on fixed grids is presented. We focus attention on two‐dimensional solidification problems, where the temperature field evolves according to classical heat conduction in two subdomains separated by a moving freezing front. The enrichment strategies of the eXtended Finite Element Method (X‐FEM) are employed to represent the jump in the temperature gradient that governs the velocity of the phase boundary. A new approach with the X‐FEM is suggested for this class of problems whereby the partition of unity is constructed with C1(Ω) polynomials and enriched with a C0(Ω) function. This approach leads to jumps in temperature gradient occurring only at the phase boundary, and is shown to significantly improve estimates for the front velocity. Temporal derivatives of the temperature field in the vicinity of the phase front are obtained with a projection that employs discontinuous enrichment. In conjunction with a finer finite difference grid, the Level Set method is used to represent the evolution of the phase interface. An iterative procedure is adopted to satisfy the constraints on the temperature field on the phase boundary. The robustness and utility of the method is demonstrated with several benchmark problems of phase transformation. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
65.
We have used x-ray phase analysis to study the composition of the products of reaction between oxygen and nanocrystalline
powders with particle sizes 15, 40, 55, and 80 nm, and also specimens pressed (and sintered) from them. The powders were oxidized
in air at 100°C (400 h) to 500°C (5 min), while the sintered specimens were oxidized at 600–900°C for 15, 120, and 240 min.
In all cases, in the initial oxidation step the oxynitride Ti(OxNy) is formed, which over time is oxidized to TiO, Ti2O3, Ti3O5, TiO2 (anatase) and TiO2 (rutile). In the range 600–800°C, formation of a continuous oxide layer and conversion of anatase to rutile slows down diffusion
of oxygen in the scale. We have established that at 900°C, the growth rate of the scale thickness increases and so the reflections
from the oxynitride are barely noticeable on the diffraction patterns taken from the surface of the oxidized specimen. In
these diffraction patterns, along with strong reflections from the rutile, we also observed weak reflections from lower oxides
and anatase, which may be due to reaction between oxygen and the titanium ions diffused to the scale surface. We have concluded
that at T > 850°C, the mechanism for oxidation of TiN changes. This is due to superposition of counterdiffusion of titanium
ions on the diffusion of oxygen.
__________
Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 3–4(448), pp. 72–78, March–April, 2006. 相似文献
66.
相电流差突变量选相元件在单回线故障中具有良好的选相性能,但在同杆双回线跨线故障中可能误选相。利用六序故障分量的分析方法,分析了相电流突变量在同杆双回线跨线故障中的幅值和相位特征,给出了其相位比相方程。在此基础上,提出了一种运用测量阻抗和方向元件相结合的综合选相方法,并给出了选相流程图。仿真结果表明,在双回线简单故障和跨线故障时,基于单回线单端电气量的同杆并架双回线综合选相方法具有较理想的选相性能。 相似文献
67.
V. G. Khoruzhaya K. E. Kornienko P. S. Martsenyuk T. Ya. Velikanova 《Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics》2006,45(5-6):251-258
Methods of differential thermal analysis, x-ray diffraction, microstructural analysis and electron probe microanalysis are
used to study alloys of the Al-Rh system over the whole concentration range. It is established that the phase of equiatomic
composition AlRh melts congruently at 2060°C and it has an extended range of homogeneity (45.1–54.2 at.% Rh). The solubility
of aluminum in rhodium reaches 9 at.%, decreasing to 6 at.% at 850°C. Coordinates are determined for the eutectic point l
⇆ AlRh + 〈Rh〉 as 70 at.% Rh and 1715°C. The existence of intermediate phases, their crystal structure, and also the method
of forming phases in the field of composition rich in aluminum given in publications are confirmed.
__________
Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 5–6(449), pp. 48–56, May–June, 2006. 相似文献
68.
研究了(Ba1-xSrx)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3微波介质陶瓷温度系数的非线性变化以及异常的原因。根据CM公式,随着系统中Sr(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3的增多,τc的异常是由于氧八面体的畸变导致的相转变(对称性降低)所造成的(晶体结构由无序立方相向有序赝立方相的连续变化)。相转变的发生相应影响了极化以及极化模式,这是造成τc异常的根本原因。 相似文献
69.
V. Gaidarova 《Vacuum》2007,81(9):1082-1087
An investigation of the structure formation of as-cast Al-11 wt% Si (AlSi11) and Al-11 wt% Si-2 wt% Fe (AlSi11Fe2) rapidly solidified (RS) ribbons is performed. Ribbon samples are examined in detail using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). A nanoscale thickness layer of Si-precipitations, at both Al-grains boundary and oxide/Al-matrix interface, is found to be characteristic for “pure” AlSi11 ribbons. For Fe-doped ribbons, this layer comprises Fe-containing phase also, which appears to possess amorphous nature and is situated between the Si-grains and Al-matrix. A possible mechanism of altering the thermally activated volume diffusion of elements, due to the effect of Fe on the structure modification, is speculated based on the obtained results. 相似文献
70.
The exact magnetization pattern of magnetic films close to a spin-reorientation transition is difficult to analyze due to the intrinsically three-dimensional (3d) variation of the orientation of the local magnetization. We present a technique how this can be performed, based on the analysis of high quality 2d polarization maps from a single scanning electron microscope with polarization analysis (SEMPA) measurement with tilted sample. The key tool is the statistical distribution of all occurring polarization doublets, visualized in a 2d histogram plot. From the shape of the distribution the type of transition—canted-phase, or coexisting phases—can be inferred. For the canted-phase state, the canting angle can be accurately determined from geometrical considerations. With help of the histogram the image data can be analyzed and the three components of the magnetization can be calculated for most points of the image. For a Co/Pt multilayer film we found a cone state. The magnetization forms a complex pattern consisting of out-of-plane domains while the in-plane magnetization shows a maze pattern. 相似文献