国际浆价涨势趋缓中国纸业增长强劲

虽然国际市场纸浆价格目前仍在高位非徊,但进一步上涨动力已不足,下半年下滑可能性很大,从长远来看也不会长期持续走强.同时,随着纸业产品竞争力的不断提升,未来几年中国造纸工业将继续保持高速增长.     

国内覆膜砂生产应用情况、发展趋势及建议

叙述国内覆膜砂的发展历史、原辅材料、生产工艺及检测厅法，现有品种及使用情况．对未来5年的发展趋势进行预测，并提出建议。     

高速列车车轮用材料的开发动向

介绍了国内外高速列车的发展概况、高速列车车轮的损伤形式以及高速列车车轮用新材料的开发动向。在开发高速列车车轮用材料时，普通的思想是适当降低车轮材料的碳含量，并进行微合金化，在略微降低甚至不降低材料的强度和硬度的情况下，大幅度提高车轮材料的韧性，从而改善车轮的抗损伤性能，尤其是高速行驶时的抗剥离性能。这一思想对我国的铁路运输高速化也有实际的指导意义。     

Embedding Branch and Bound within Evolutionary Algorithms

A framework for hybridizing evolutionary algorithms with the branch-and-bound algorithm (B&B) is presented in this paper. This framework is based on using B&B as an operator embedded in the evolutionary algorithm. The resulting hybrid operator will intelligently explore the dynastic potential (possible children) of the solutions being recombined, providing the best combination of formae (generalized schemata) that can be constructed without introducing implicit mutation. As a basis for studying this operator, the general functioning of transmitting recombination is considered. Two important concepts are introduced, compatibility sets, and granularity of the representation. These concepts are studied in the context of different kinds of representation: orthogonal, non-orthogonal separable, and non-separable.The results of an extensive experimental evaluation are reported. It is shown that this model can be useful when problem knowledge is available in the form of an optimistic evaluation function. Scalability issues are also considered. A control mechanism is proposed to alleviate the increasing computational cost of the algorithm for highly multidimensional problems.     

Artificial evolution and real robots

Artificial evolution as a design methodology allows the relaxation of many of the constraints that have held back conventional methods. It does not require a complete prior analysis and decomposition of the task to be tackled, as human designers require. However, this freedom comes at some cost; there are a whole new set of issues relating to evolution that must be considered. Standard genetic algorithms may not be appropriate for incremental evolution of robot controllers. Species adaptation genetic algorithms, (SAGA) have been developed to meet these special needs. The main cost of an evolutionary approach is the large number of trials that are required. Simulations-especially those involving vision in complex environments, or modeling detailed semiconductor physics—may not be adequate or practical. Examples of evolved robots will be discussed, including a specialized piece of equipment which allows a robot to be tested using simple vision in real time, and what is believed to be the first successful example of an evolved hardware controller for a robot. Presented at the International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, February 18–20, 1996     

裂缝预测主曲率法的新探索

构造面主曲率在一定程度上控制了裂缝发育的密度、方向、宽度和深度；因而油层厚度及与之有关的裂缝孔隙体积和渗透率也在一定程度上受到构造面主曲率的影响。由微分几何学原理得到计算主曲率的一般公式，克服了由薄板小扰度弯曲理论得到的主曲率计算公式的局限性。使用趋势面分析与差分法相结合的方法，处理离散的构造层面数据，计算构造面主曲率，选取各点主方向上两个主曲率值中绝对值较大者作为裂缝发育区预测的依据。在江汉盆地王场地区用该方法预测的裂缝发育区与实际基本一致。图5参12     

岩土预应力锚固技术的进展

总结了岩土预应力锚固技术的发展历程，对岩土锚固机理、长期耐久性以及安全检测技术等预应力锚固关键技术问题目前的研究情况进行了论述；介绍了一种新型的预应力锚固体系——全程防锈分散压缩型预应力锚索体系，阐明其特点和优势，指出研制和开发新型锚索体系是提高岩土锚固工程安全性的根本途径；提出了预应力锚固技术研究发展的核心问题，阐明了岩土锚固技术的发展趋势。     

紫外光固化材料的技术和市场趋势

综述了紫外光固化材料在国内外市场的最新发展与应用，讨论了紫外光固化技术的几种新趋势。     

长江马鞍山河段河势演变分析及趋势预估

本文通过对安擞省长江干流马鞍山河段的历史和近期河道演变分析，对未来的演变趋势进行了预估。     

叠层压敏电阻器的近期研制动向

从构成叠层压敏电阻器的生片材料（材料晶粒大小、生片厚度）、内电极材料、叠层结构和表面处理等方面，介绍叠层压敏电阻器的近期研制动向。