电子显微学在结构生物学研究中的新进展

电子显微学是结构生物学的重要分支，已经成为一种公认的研究生物大分子、超分子复合体及亚细胞结构的有力手段。本文先回顾了近期电子显微学在技术上的新进展，后概述了生物电子显微学的三个组成部分——电子晶体学，单颗粒技术，电子断层成像术的基本原理，技术方法与研究现状。最后，对电子显微学与其他结构生物学研究手段的结合以及电子显微学的未来发展做了简单的展望。     

海拉尔盆地的古河道砂体识别方法

本文基于海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷西北部高精度三维地震资料,通过对时间域、频率域地震属性的分析,研究了河道砂体的变化及分布规律,总结出了一套利用时间域、频率域地震属性识别古河道的方法。其中对河道砂体较为敏感的沿层属性主要有均方根振幅、反射强度梯度、有效带宽及瞬时频度等。利用这种识别方法在该区找到水下分流河道砂体和河口坝砂体,为该区的岩性勘探部署提供了具体目标。     

高压对气井套管接头螺纹接触应力的影响研究

高温高压气井对螺纹密封性的要求要比油井更为严格。对于高压气井中的整个管柱,每一段处于不同的力学环境中,发生泄漏的可能性也不同,因此研究压力对气井套管接头螺纹接触应力的影响,对高压气井套管的合理使用尤为重要。利用弹塑性有限元分析方法,建立了API偏梯型螺纹套管接头的有限元模型,分析了气井压力对套管接头接触应力的影响,提供了研究压力对套管接头螺纹接触应力影响的方法。对于井口压力或井底压力超过34MPa的高压气井,应选用气密性良好的特殊螺纹接头,建议采用金属对金属的螺纹接头套管,以加强螺纹部位的连接强度和密封性能。     

灰色关联分析法在油气管道半定量风险评价中的应用

肯特(W．kent Muhlbauer)管道风险评价法是一种半定量风险评价法,但是该方法在我国还处在起步阶段,其理论基础和应用技术都很不完善。为了有效处理评分中存在的主观性和不确定性因素,已经把模糊综合评判法引入到管道风险评价中。但是,传统的相对风险值计算还不够准确,为此介绍了灰色关联分析在油气管道半定量风险评价中的应用。通过对影响管道风险的评价指标(因素)体系的综合分析,确定了灰色综合评价的层次结构模型。构建了由第三方破坏指数、腐蚀指数、设计指数、错误指数、介质危险指数5大指标体系构成的管道系统风险综合评价指标体系,并采用层次分析与专家打分相结合的方法计算权重。在油气管道半定量风险评价中应用灰色关联分析法,可以使评价结果更准确。     

起升中四腿落地式K型井架及底座的应力分析

针对在用四腿落地式K型井架在起升中井架与底座存在的问题,文章以JJ162/42-K型井架为例,采用I-DEAS有限元软件对起升过程中处于各角度时的井架及底座做了应力分析,并将其结果与两腿落地式K型井架进行了比较。分析表明,四腿落地式K型井架及底座在井架刚起升时,应力值较大,存在安全隐患。为了增强在井架起升过程中底座的安全性,建议在底座上井架2个铰支座之间加焊加强钢板,并加大井架前立柱铰支座的尺寸。     

甲基叔戊基醚合成反应的热力学分析

利用戊烯与甲醇合成甲基叔戊基醚(TAME)反应的热力学平衡实验数据, 选择不同的混合活度模型,分别计算得到了该反应体系的平衡常数,并与理论计算得到的平衡常数相比较,筛选出了适合该反应体系的活度计算模型.     

不稳定试井解释常见问题分析

通过分析以往不稳定试井解释资料,对试井解释中经常出现的问题进行总结,杜绝此类错误再次发生.建议在解释时,综合考虑其它资料信息,减少主观臆断,以期得到准确解.     

Finite element analysis of femoral components paper III – hip joints

Finite element analysis of the hip implant is conducted in this paper for representative femoral cross-section geometries and development of stress in the presence of bone cement is elucidated. Differences in cement stresses generated by varying implant cross-sections were compared with conventional features derived from representative implants. The analysis was performed under idealized implant assemblies by constraining the implant movement in the assembly. The cross-sections and implant geometries used are generic and intended to be representative of available geometries. This paper is a part of student research projects, prepared from a series of activities in biomedical implant research currently underway at Ohio Northern and Arkansas Tech Universities.     

Chemische Zusammensetzung und Mikrostruktur polymerabgeleiteter Gläser und Keramiken im System Si–C–O. Teil 2: Charakterisierung der Gefügeausbildung mittels hochauflösender Durchstrahlungselektronenmikroskopie und Feinbereichsbeugung

Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Polymer‐Derived Glasses and Ceramics in the Si–C–O System. Part 2: Characterization of microstructure formation by means of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction Liquid or solid silicone resins represent the economically most interesting class of organic precursors for the pyrolytic production of glass and ceramics materials on silicon basis. As dense, dimensionally stable components can be cost‐effectively achieved by admixing reactive filler powders, chemical composition and microstructure development of the polymer‐derived residues must be exactly known during thermal decomposition. Thus, in the present work, glasses and ceramics produced by pyrolysis of the model precursor polymethylsiloxane at temperatures from 525 to 1550 °C are investigated. In part 1, by means of analytical electron microscopy, the bonding state of silicon was determined on a nanometre scale and the phase separation of the metastable Si–C–O matrix into SiO₂, C and SiC was proved. The in‐situ crystallization could be considerably accelerated by adding fine‐grained powder of inert fillers, such as Al₂O₃ or SiC, which permits effective process control. In part 2, the microstructure is characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction. Turbostratic carbon and cubic β‐SiC precipitate as crystallization products. Theses phases are embedded in an amorphous matrix. Inert fillers reduce the crystallization temperature by several hundred °C. In this case, the polymer‐derived Si–C–O material acts as a binding agent between the powder particles. Reaction layer formation does not occur. On the investigated pyrolysis conditions, no crystallization of SiO₂ was observed.     

Sociotechnical systems, risk management, and public health: comparing the North Battleford and Walkerton outbreaks

Accidents in different complex sociotechnical systems are rarely compared using the same theoretical framework for risk management. We conducted a comparative analysis of two Canadian public health disasters involving drinking water distribution systems, the North Battleford Cryptosporidium parvum outbreak in April 2001 and the Walkerton E. coli outbreak in May 2000. Both accidents resulted from a complex interaction between all levels of a complex sociotechnical system. However, the low-level physical and individual factors differed in the two cases, whereas, the high-level governmental and regulatory factors tended to be the same. These findings may have implications for the design of public policies to minimize risk in complex sociotechnical systems.