极紫外相机电控单元的设计与实现

为了实现对极紫外相机控制及管理功能,设计并实现了一种基于FPGA的电控单元。该系统以FPGA为核心,经过RS-422接口与信号处理子系统进行通讯,通过LVDS接口接收信号处理子系统发送的科学数据,与CPU之间通过数据总线进行通讯。为了提高电控单元的可靠性,在设计过程中采用了抗辐照设计和交叉备份的冗余设计。通过极紫外相机电控单元的测试和试验验证表明:极紫外相机电控单元的功能和性能满足指标要求,为极紫外相机在轨取得圆满成功的结果起到了重要作用。     

纳米比亚铜矿铜地表富集成因及意义

通过对纳米比亚北部、中部和南部的热水喷流沉积型铜矿、夕卡岩型铜矿和斑岩型铜矿的观察,发现这些不同类型的铜矿有一个共同的特征:即铜在地表以碳酸盐(主要是孔雀石)的形式富集.研究认为,产生这种富集的原因是由于纳米比亚的气候干旱.干旱的气候使地表腐殖质缺乏,地表呈现碱性环境,因而不仅形成了遍布纳米比亚地表的钙结砾岩,也导致了地表铜的富集和氧化带铜的变贫.这种上移的水成异常呈现高值而局限、异常迁移少的特点.这种铜的地表富集与纳米比亚的土壤型铀矿的成因一致.     

A socio-ecological analysis of hospital resilience to extreme weather events

Hospitals play a critical role in helping communities respond effectively to extreme weather events (EWEs). Despite predictions of more EWEs, little is known about the process by which hospital infrastructure resilience to such events can be built. Using Gunderson and Holling’s Adaptive Cycle, a new theoretical perspective based on socio-ecological resilience theory is provided to understand this process. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations of disaster drills and disaster planning meetings, as well as additional documentary analysis of past incident reports. The research findings were then refined and validated in a focus group meeting with respondents. The findings indicate that there are significant organizational barriers which prevent facilities managers improving the resilience of hospital facilities to future EWEs. It was found that the disaster planning process is ad hoc and non-inclusive, focused on man-made disasters and compliance driven, top-down approach, under-resourced and is driven by a general ignorance of the importance of resilient-built facilities to health care delivery during an EWE. It is concluded that to produce more resilient hospital infrastructure, there needs to be a more well-resourced, integrated and collaborative approach to disaster management planning which enables health facilities managers to play a more central role in disaster planning decisions. There also need to be better systems, technologies and training implemented to manage information about health infrastructure performance before, during and after EWEs.     

Statistical evaluation on storm sewer design criteria under climate change in Seoul,South Korea

This study conducted statistical analysis under both stationary and non-stationary climate using rainfall data measured in Seoul, South Korea. The 50 year annual maximum rainfall data were analysed with generalised extreme value distribution and Gumbel distribution. Possible rainfall changes were predicted with nonstationary forms of the two distributions, considering time variable location parameters. The current storm sewer design criteria were assessed by reflecting climate change implications and expected lifetime performance. Expected return periods were reduced to 4.67, 8.66, 19.16 and 23.53 years for the current 10 min - 5, 10, 30 and 50 years. The newly suggested design criteria of 5, 10, 30 and 50 yr return period storm events were 5.3, 12, 48 and 107 years for the 10 min duration for a 50 year lifetime expectancy.     

改进的ESMD用于公共场所异常声音特征提取

由于公共场所异常声音的特殊性及背景噪声的复杂性,极点对称模态分解(ESMD)用于异常声音分解时,存在一些理论和技术上的缺陷。经分析认为公共场所异常声音为非线性、非平稳信号,背景噪声服从T分布。为此,提出改进的ESMD用于公共场所异常声音分解,得到有利于识别的特征。所提出方法的特点是将T分布噪声序列添加到具有背景噪声的异常声音信号中,以减小背景噪声对特征提取的影响;将模态分量的排列熵作为判定异常声音与背景噪声的准则,自适应筛选有效的模态分量;用对称中点插值法替代极值中点奇偶插值法,以缓解ESMD插值端点不明确带来的模态失真。在公共场所异常声音数据库上进行了相关实验。实验结果表明,所提出的方法与目前典型的时频信号处理方法相比,在提高公共场所异常声音分类识别率的同时,缩短异常声音的分解时间,是一种有效的公共场所异常声音特征提取方法。     

基于改进的GA-ELM煤与瓦斯突出预测模型

为准确、快速地预测煤与瓦斯突出,提出了一种基于因子分析和遗传算法(GA)优化极限学习机(ELM)的煤与瓦斯突出危险性预测模型。构建10种影响因素的煤与瓦斯突出评价指标体系,采用因子分析法对评价指标体系进行分析提取,将提取出的5个公因子作为ELM的输入参数,为避免ELM输入权值和隐含层偏差随机性的影响,应用GA对ELM模型参数进行优化,构建GA-ELM模型,选取20组实例进行仿真预测,同时与传统单一的ELM、SVM和BP模型进行对比分析。结果表明:基于改进的GA-ELM模型能有效降低数据冗余、简化网络结构和提高判别精度,提出将其运用到煤与瓦斯突出的预测与实际结果具有很好的一致性。     

应用极值分析评估帘线钢大尺寸夹杂物分布

基于定量金相检测的大颗粒夹杂物的尺寸,应用 ASTME2283中极值分析的标准化方法（最大似然估计法）对帘线钢冶炼过程所取试样中夹杂物尺寸分布进行了统计分析,并采用 SEM/XPS对大尺寸夹杂物进行了成分检测。分析结果表明：在逆程周期为 1000的检测条件下,通过极值分析方法可计算出试样中相对应 99.90%概率的最大夹杂物尺寸,客观描述了帘线钢中夹杂物尺寸分布特征;某一视场或不同视场内发现不同成分类型的大尺寸夹杂物： CaO-SiO2类和 SiO2-MnO类两类夹杂物具有不同的尺寸分布规律;软吹 40min时 SiO2-MnO类夹杂物出现大尺寸概率明显小于 CaO-SiO2类夹杂物,说明大尺寸夹杂物主要为 CaO-SiO2类夹杂物。     

离子液体极压抗磨剂的研究进展

极压抗磨剂是一类重要的润滑油添加剂,是齿轮油不可缺少的主剂。相比传统极压抗磨剂,离子液体结构的可设计性、分子中含有的活性元素、优异的化学稳定性及较高的热分解温度,使其在摩擦学领域受到广泛关注。基础油的极性会对离子液体的溶解性能有所影响,基于此,本文归纳了离子液体分子构型对其在不同极性基础油中溶解度影响的研究进展,探讨了离子液体在不同极性基础油中的摩擦学性能及作用机理,总结了离子液体与其他添加剂复配的效果。文中指出,大多离子液体在极性油中有较好的溶解度,在非极性油中阳离子和阴离子结构对其溶解性都有影响;在极性油中与非极性油中,具有优异摩擦学性能的离子液体都含有活性元素;离子液体与其他添加剂的复配会对其性能有所影响。最后,结合目前工作中的不足之处,针对离子液体极压抗磨剂的未来发展方向提供了建议。     

极紫外宽带多层膜反射镜离散化膜系的设计与制备

极紫外(EUV)宽带多层膜的光谱性能对膜厚控制精度要求较高,仅由时间控制膜厚的镀膜系统难以满足其精度控制要求。本文提出了基于进化算法的宽带EUV多层膜离散化膜系设计方法,与传统膜系设计相比,离散化膜系所制备多层膜具有更为优良的EUV反射光谱性能。为验证离散化膜系设计在宽带EUV多层膜研制中的优越性,采用磁控溅射方法对具有离散化膜系的宽带多层膜反射镜进行了制备和测试。测试结果表明:研制的宽角度多层膜反射镜可实现入射角带宽为0°～17°,高于41%的反射率;研制的堆栈宽角度多层膜反射镜可实现入射角带宽为0°～18.5°,高于35%的反射率;研制的宽光谱多层膜反射镜可实现波长带宽为12.9～14.9 nm,高于21%的反射率。     

CO_2对合成高碱值烷基苯磺酸钙极压剂的影响

考察了二氧化碳的通入量和通入速率对高碱值烷基苯磺酸钙极压剂合成的影响,并对此作了机理分析,确定最佳二氧化碳通入速率为300 mL/min,通入量为12 L。