Kinetics of ultrasonic extraction of polyphenols,anthocyanins and tannins from five different New Zealand grape pomaces

Polyphenols were extracted from five kinds of New Zealand grape pomace (Sauvignon Blanc, Pinot Gris, Gerwurztraminer, Merlot and Pinot Noir) at 30, 50 and 70 °C in an ultrasonic generator. The extraction kinetics for total phenol, anthocyanin and tannin were determined. The results of dynamics study showed that the extraction of total polyphenols, anthocyanin and tannin followed first-order reaction kinetics during the extraction at 30, 50 and 70 °C. The total phenolic content, anthocyanin conten, and tannin content of water–ethanol extracts from grape pomaces were compared, and the parameters in the extraction kinetics equations were determined. The extraction results showed that the Pinot Noir pomace extract had the highest total phenolic content of 59.95 mg GAE g⁻¹ pomace and tannin content of 79.93 mg EE g⁻¹ pomace. The anthocyanin content in Merlot pomace extract was the highest, which was 4.50 CE g⁻¹ pomace. The results might be of great significance for the development of grape pomace or its polyphenol and/or anthocyanin components as an antioxidant source with natural and inexpensive benefits.     

VPI-FP: an integrative information system for factory planning

Nowadays, one of the main challenges in factory planning is the consistent and coherent information modelling along planning processes. Despite the current efforts in the fields of virtual production as well as digital and virtual factory, planning and simulation applications mostly support only the analysis and the optimisation of single planning aspects. However, to match nowadays challenges, planners require solutions that provide an integrated view to evaluate planning scenarios in advance and to achieve increasing production quality and efficiency. The concept of virtual production intelligence (VPI) provides a basic concept for such an integrative information system that enables planners to integrate, to aggregate and to analyse data gathered during one planning project as well as to compare different projects. In this study, we present such an information system for factory planning using the concept of the VPI. The focus lies in particular on the information modelling as well as the information integration and evaluation. Therefore, the study presents theoretical basics and implementations of the VPI platform within a precise application scenario in factory planning. This is to process and provide a consolidated information base along the whole planning process to support factory planning projects.     

Experimental Validation of Reaction Rate Distributions for a SVEA-96+ BWR Assembly with Hafnium Control Blades

The accurate estimation of reactor physics parameters related to the presence of cruciform absorber blades in boiling water reactors (BWRs) is important for safety assessment and for achieving flexible operation during the cycle. Characteristics that are affected significantly include distributions of the total fission (F_tot) and ²³⁸Ucapture (C₈) rates for controlled regions. Representative experimental investigations have been performed in the framework of the LWR-PROTEUS programme. In particular, the LWRPROTEUS I-2A experiments concerned the neutronics characterisation of a SVEA-96+ BWR assembly controlled with a hafnium (Hf) blade under full-density water moderation conditions. The current paper presents the comparisons of the measured F_tot and C₈ pin-wise distributions with a variety of stochastic and deterministic calculations: (a) MCNPX2.5 using recent nuclear data libraries (JEFF-3.1, ENDF/BVI. 8, and JENDL-3.3), (b) PHOENIX4 using ENDF/B-VI.3, (c) BOXER using JEF-1, (d) CASMO₄ using JEF-2.2, and (e) HELIOS1.6 using ENDF/B-VI.1. The calculation/experiment comparisons show standard deviations from 1.2% (MCNPX2.5) up to 1.9% (BOXER) for the prediction of the F_tot distribution, the highest individual discrepancy (7.6% with BOXER) being seen close to the “Hf-vertex.” The C₈ comparisons show systematically better agreement than those of F_tot, the lowest standard deviations being 1.0% (BOXER) and the highest only 1.4% (HELIOS). In addition, sensitivity studies highlight the greater importance of modelling aspects, compared with that of nuclear data libraries, for the achievement of satisfactory and validated F_tot and C₈ predictions.     

葡萄籽超微粉添加对曲奇饼干香气的影响

将葡萄籽超微粉碎并添到曲奇饼干中,探究其对曲奇饼干香气成分及感官品质的影响。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分别检测了普通葡萄籽粉、葡萄籽超微粉及添加超微粉前后曲奇饼干的香气成分,并结合偏最小二乘判别分析法研究葡萄籽超微粉对曲奇饼干香气成分的影响。结果显示,超微粉碎后香气物质的种类虽未发生明显的改变,但香气成分的相对含量显著增加。葡萄籽超微粉添加比例为5%时,烘烤香比较浓郁。当添加比例达到10%时,曲奇饼干整体风味较为复杂,包括苦杏仁味、香蕉味、水果味/青草味、面包味以及坚果味。采用9点享乐法感官品评结果可以看出,葡萄籽的添加可以为饼干带来可感知的变化,添加比例为5%时,香气得分最高。葡萄籽超微粉会给曲奇饼干香气带来积极的影响,添加比例在10%以内均可被消费者接受。     

A classification of tactical assembly line feeding problems

Trends like mass-customisation and the increasing number of models produced and parts used on a single assembly line promote interest in the field of assembly line feeding. The assembly line feeding problem (ALFP) deals with the assignment of parts to line feeding policies such as line stocking, boxed-supply, sequencing and kitting (stationary and travelling), and emerged as a research field two and a half decades ago. In order to structure the increasing effort in this field, we provide an extensive review of the literature and organise it from various perspectives. Furthermore, we propose a classification for the ALFP and classify existing literature. The goal of this classification is threefold. Firstly, it should help the reader to get an overview of the problem and most of its related aspects. Secondly, the classification reveals blind spots in academic research. Finally, it enables practitioners to match real-world problems with existing research results. In order to encourage researchers to close the existing gaps, we finalise this paper by pointing out the most important open research fields.     

Neutron Capture Cross Section Measurement of Praseodymium in the Energy Region from 0.003 eV to 140 keV

The neutron capture cross section of praseodymium (¹⁴¹Pr) has been measured relative to the ¹⁰B(n,αγ) standard cross section in the energy region from 0.003 eV to 140 keV by the neutron time-of-flight (TOF) method with a 46-MeV electron linear accelerator (linac) of the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University (KURRI). An assembly of Bi₄Ge₃O₁₂ (BGO) scintillators was used for the capture cross section measurement. In addition, the thermal neutron cross section (2,200 m/s value) of the ¹⁴¹Pr(n, γ)¹⁴²Pr reaction has been also measured by an activation method at the heavy water thermal neutron facility of the Kyoto University Reactor (KUR). The thermal neutron flux was monitored with the ¹⁹⁷Au(n, γ)¹⁹⁸Au standard cross section. The above TOF measurement has been normalized to the current activation data (11.6±1.3 b) at 0.0253 eV.

The evaluated data in JENDL-3.3, ENDF/B-VI, and JEF-2.2 have been in general agreement with the current result, except that the JENDL-3.3 and the JEF-2.2 values are clearly lower than the measurement in the cross section minimum region from about 10 to 500 eV.     

浅谈放射性废物管理设施许可管理

结合我国放射性废物管理设施实际情况, 简要梳理和探讨其许可方式。建议独立场址放射性废物管理设施应统一纳入核设施管理范畴并申领核设施安全许可证;核设施配套建设的放射性废物管理设施, 应依据主体核设施的差异实施分类许可管理。     

交通设施的人性化设计分析

目前，各行各业都普遍运用到了人性化理念。本文主要对我国交通设施的人性化设计进行了分析与研究，同时针对一些问题总结出了相应的处理措施。