片状变燃速发射药燃烧性能的数值计算

为研究包覆方式对片状发射药燃烧性能的影响,建立了不同包覆方式下多层片状发射药的物理模型,并推导了形状函数和燃气生成猛度表达式,利用Matlab软件对不同的宽厚比、长厚比及多层结构的片状发射药进行了数值计算;制备了不同长厚比的片状变燃速发射药,并进行了密闭爆发器实验。结果表明,四面包覆和全包覆可以很好地消除临界宽厚比对片状发射药燃烧性能的影响;与两面包覆的片状发射药相比,四面包覆和全包覆的片状发射药能够延缓内层药减面燃烧的时间,其燃气生成猛度的阶跃程度分别提高了1.17%和1.23%,呈现出良好的燃烧渐增性。     

Implications from γ-globulin adsorption onto cation exchangers fabricated by sequential alginate grafting and sulfonation

Our previous work proved that high adsorption capacity and uptake rate of lysozyme were achieved on alginate(Alg)-grafted re sin with an ionic capacity(IC) of 240 mmol·L~(-1)(Alg-FF-240).Moreover,the salt-tolerant feature of Alg-FF-230 was improved by using sequential alginate grafting and sulfonation strategy.Inspired by the enhanced adsorption performance of lysozyme,we have herein proposed to investigate the static and dynamic adsorption behaviors of γ-globulin on a series of Alg-grafted resins with different grafting densities and sulfonation degrees.The adsorption ca pacity of γ-globulin decreased with increa sing alginate-grafting density(IC) from 160 to 230 mmol·L~(-1) at 0 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl because of the steric hindrance caused by the alginate-grafting layer.Effects of ionic strength(IS) indicated that the adsorption capacities of the resins with the IC value of 230-370 mmol·L~(-1) were much higher than CM Sepharose FF at 50-100 mmol·L~(-1) NaCl,and the uptake rate of Alg-FF-230 was about twice as much as that of CM Sepharose FF.This work demonstrated the important effects of alginate-grafting layer and IS in γ-globulin adsorption behavior,which would be helpful in the design of Alggrafted resins and the selection of proper IS condition for protein purification.     

丁腈橡胶硫化反应动力学研究

设计了促进剂A 4种不同用量的丁腈橡胶配方;基于配方,先利用密炼机将丁腈橡胶、硬脂酸和ZnO混炼,再利用开炼机加入硫黄、促进剂和防老剂,再利用无转子硫化仪分别测试了160℃、170℃和180℃下胶料硫化曲线;基于硫化曲线计算出了每组配方胶料硫化反应速率常数K和活化能Ea。结果表明,在焦烧期时,NBR硫化反应为非一级反应,真正的一级反应开始于硫化速率达到最大时,即tdis;焦烧期后的反应可分为2个阶段且遵循一级动力学反应规律。     

二元聚合物的合成及在稠油破乳中的应用

采用丙烯酸（AA）与自制丙烯酸壬基酚聚醚酯（NPEAA）为原料,在偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,甲苯为溶剂的条件下,引发聚合制备了二元共聚物稠油破乳剂,采用FTIR、1HNMR对产物结构进行了确证,GPC测试了分子量;采用荧光光谱仪与表面张力仪测得其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为0.5g/L,表面张力为25.684mN/m。并以脱水率和脱出污水含油量为衡量指标,探讨了不同因素下聚合物破乳剂对陈庄稠油W/O乳液的破乳脱水性能,确定最佳破乳条件：温度55?C,时间2h,用量0.5g/L时,脱水率为88.5%,脱出水中含油量为198.4mg/L。研究了聚合物破乳剂对乳状液表观粘度、体系稳定性、油水界面的影响以及微观破乳过程,探讨分析得出聚合物破乳剂在油水界面更易润湿扩散,脱水速率快,破乳效果好。     

露天矿山深-浅耦合台阶爆破方法研究及应用

爆破大块率高一直是困扰国内外众多露天矿山的技术难题,银山矿露天采矿场由于采区地质条件复杂,爆破大块率高的现象尤为明显。为此,针对露天采矿场岩性复杂易产生大块的区域,基于岩石的物理力学性质,计算出千枚岩和斑岩爆破区域需增设的短孔孔位。为减少爆破大块的产生率,提出了中深孔爆破方法—深-浅耦合台阶爆破方法。在银山矿露天采矿场实施深-浅耦合台阶爆破方法后,爆破大块率得到有效控制并取得了显著的社会及经济效益。     

碳质金矿中碳质物及其“劫金”机理研究进展

碳质金矿是重要的难处理金矿资源之一,碳质物“劫金”是金浸出率低下的主要原因。碳质物组分复杂,不同组分的碳质物的“劫金”能力和“劫金”行为存在差异,磨矿和浸出环节对碳质物的“劫金”能力也会产生影响,这些因素均能直接影响金的浸出率。通过系统总结碳质金矿中碳质物在组成特征、“劫金”机理及“劫金”能力的影响因素等方面的研究进展,对碳质物“劫金”机理现有研究工作的不足及未来研究方向进行了探讨,为碳质金矿碳质物劫金机理及预处理工艺的研究提供了重要参考。     

含钼废渣冶炼钼铁的优化试验

利用含钼废料钼酸钙为原料,采用碳还原法冶炼钼铁,通过单因素分析试验及正交试验优化得出最佳的试验条件,钼酸钙加入量应低于10%,熔炼温度为1 525 ℃,保温时间为25 min,碱度为1.3。通过XRD、SEM、EDS分析得出用此方法生产得到的钼铁合金中,钼以Mo₂C、Fe₃Mo以及Fe₃Mo₃C的形式存在,渣系为二元玻璃渣系,具有与普通玻璃相似的成分系统。经测定合金中钼的回收率大于99%,钼资源回收效益可观。     

全层状TiAl合金层片生长及其影响因素

利用光学显微镜(OM)和TEM，研究了全层状TiAl合金的层片间距的影响因素及与各因素的关系。实验结果表明，全层状TiAl合金的层片间距与冷却速度和合金中铝含量有关，层片间距与冷却速度呈反比关系，并随着合金中铝含量的增加而增加。同时，以层片生长的台阶机制为基础，推导出了全层状TiAl合金在连续冷却过程中层片间距的数学表达式，推导结果与实验结果相符。     

An electrochemical method for the preparation of Mg–Li alloys at low temperature molten salt system

Mg–Li alloys have been prepared by electrolysis in a molten salt electrolyte of 50% LiCl–50% KCl (mass%) at low temperature of 420–510 °C. The effects of electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density on alloy formation rate and current efficiency were studied. For the deposition of metallic lithium on the cathode consisting of solid Mg and liquid Mg–Li, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density have no obvious influence on current efficiency; while for the deposition of metallic lithium on the solid magnesium cathode, both electrolytic temperature and cathodic current density greatly affect alloy formation rate and current efficiency. The optimum electrolysis condition is—molten salt mixture, LiCl:KCl = 1:1 (mass%), electrolytic temperature: 480 °C, cathode current density: 1.13 A cm⁻². Mg–Li alloys with low lithium content (about 25 wt% Li) were prepared via electrolysis at low temperature following by thermal treatment at higher temperature.